Unit 3 Study guide

Question 1

Biogeography

Answer 1

refers to the distribution of different species.

Question 2

Artificial Selection

Answer 2

development of traits through the practice of allowing certain animals with desired traits to reproduce.

Question 3

Malthusian Principle

Answer 3

observation developed by Thomas Malthus who was a clergyman & economist who lived in 1766 and 1834 -formulated explanations for how the populations regulate themselves
-populations remained in check by factors such as disease , limited by food and space.

Question 4

Natural Selection

Answer 4

is the result of differential reproduction. - ability of certain individuals in a population to leave more offspring than others.

Question 5

Fitness (defined by Darwin)

Answer 5

combination of ability to survive and reproduce more offspring than others in the group.

Question 6

Differential Reproduction

Answer 6

individuals have characteristics that enable them to survive and reproduce better than the other individuals

Question 7

Adaptive Radiation

Answer 7

explosion of new species from a single , common ancestor , with each new species adapted to its environment

Question 8

Convergent Evolution

Answer 8

occurs when unrelated or distantly related species evolve similar traits due to similar environmental pressures.

Question 9

Mimicry

Answer 9

when a species evolves features that mimic the characteristics of another species

Question 10

Mullerian Mimicry

Answer 10

Warning Pattern
both species have a similar pattern and the predator learns to avoid both.
Viceroy and Monarch Butterfly

Question 11

Camouflage

Answer 11

when a species evolves features that allow it to blend into its surroundings.

Question 12

Extinction

Answer 12

complete loss of a species .

Question 13

Continental Drift

Answer 13

the movement of the earths continents over time.

fossil record supports and gives credence to the theories of continental drift and plate tectonics

Question 14

Plate tectonics theory

Answer 14

Earths surface is sitting on individual plates

Earth is made up of a series of plates floating on earths mantle and are constantly moving

Question 15

Speciation

Answer 15

1- geographic isolation
(two populations separated by barrier)
2-shift in gene sequence
(populations begin to diverge genetically)
3- change in gene frequencies
4-reproductive isolation
(viable offspring have differences that they can no longer mate)

Question 16

First single celled photosynthetic organisms 3.2-3.5 bya

Answer 16

organisms were first able to be able to produce their own food from sunlight