unit 3 study guide Flashcards
form of DNA that is right-handed (clockwise) w/ 10 bps/turn
B form
why can RNA only form double helix for a few hundred bps?
RNA contains ribose which makes nucleotides repel each other due to ribose containing oxygen; oxygen repels bc of its polar nature
DNA is
self replicating
DNA to mRNA is called
transcription
transcription is associated with
nucleic acids
mRNA to protein is called
translation (protein synthesis)
mRNA contains “three letter words” that code for specific amino acids called
codons
why is the central dogma important?
it describes the flow of info from DNA to protein
DNA polymerase enzymes can only synthesize new DNA in the
5’ to 3’ direction
how come DNA polymerase enzymes can only synthesize new DNA in the 5’ to 3’ direction?
because the 3’ end has a free -OH
what DNA strand of the parental DNA serves as the template strand?
the 3’ to 5’ direction strand relative to the opening replication fork
which strand contains okazaki fragments during DNA replication?
the lagging strand
this protein binds to the origin of replication
DnaA
first protein of DNA synthesis
DnaA
enzyme that does most of new DNA strand synthesis
DNA polymerase III
enzyme that removes RNA primers and replaces them with DNA nucleotides
DNA polymerase I
has exonuclease activity
DNA polymerase I
enzyme that connects 5’ end to 3’ end in DNA molecule
DNA ligase
ligation is
“sealing the gap” in the backbone
protein that unwinds/separates DNA helix one bp/time
helicase
protein that controls the speed of replication
helicase
enzyme that relieves supercoiling
DNA gyrase/topoisomerase
enzyme that synthesizes RNA primers
DNA primase/RNA primase/primase
what is exonuclease activity?
cutting nucleotides from the end of a strand
