chapter 14

Question 1

innate immunity

Answer 1

non-specific; tries to stop any invader

Question 2

branch of immune system that clears 90% of infections; subclinical

Answer 2

innate

Question 3

adaptive immunity

Answer 3

cell-mediated specific response directed against one invader

Question 4

branch of immune system that clears only 10% of infection; controlled

Answer 4

adaptive

Question 5

1st line of defense is ____ immunity response

Answer 5

innate

Question 6

barriers that prevent pathogen entry (1st line of defense)

Answer 6

intact skin, barriers, mucous membranes, chemical barriers

Question 7

physical barriers

Answer 7

innate; intact skin and mucous membranes

Question 8

chemical barriers

Answer 8

innate; lysozymes, psoriasin, gastric juice, defensin

Question 9

parenteral route

Answer 9

injection thru skin (ex. bites and needles)

Question 10

mucous membranes

Answer 10

most common physical barrier entry point; thin and alive

Question 11

1st line of defense include the ___ barriers and ___ barriers

Answer 11

physical and chemical

Question 12

lysozyme

Answer 12

chemical barrier that digests peptidoglycan and cuts NAG-NAM bond

Question 13

psoriasin

Answer 13

chemical barrier on skin that destroys E. coli

Question 14

gastric juice

Answer 14

chemical barrier in digestive system that has low pH (is acidic) and digestive enzymes that destroy most organisms

Question 15

defensins

Answer 15

chemical barrier secreted by epithelial cells that have (+) charge and can poke holes in bacterial membranes

Question 16

enzymes that prevent defensin from attacking human cells

Answer 16

flippase, floppase, scramblase

Question 17

cellular barriers

Answer 17

2nd LOD innate immunity; leukocytes/blood

Question 18

blood

Answer 18

cellular barrier composed of plasma and cells

Question 19

plasma

Answer 19

contains complement proteins, chemokines, cytokines, transferrin, and antibodies

Question 20

chemokines

Answer 20

chemotactic agents that promote phagocyte migration

Question 21

cytokines

Answer 21

interleukins

Question 22

blood cells all originate in

Answer 22

bone marrow

Question 23

granulocytes (4)

Answer 23

basophils, mast cells, eosinophils, neutrophils

Question 24

basophil

Answer 24

granulocyte that releases histamine; very few population

Question 25

mast cells

Answer 25

granulocyte that releases histamine; found beneath epithelial layers throughout body

Question 26

neutrophil

Answer 26

granulocyte that is 1st responder; commit suicide to use their DNA as a net to capture invaders

Question 27

agranulocytes (4)

Answer 27

monocytes, macrophages, B lymphocyte, T lymphocyte

Question 28

monocytes

Answer 28

agranulocyte; immature macrophage

Question 29

macrophage

Answer 29

agranulocyte that eats dead human cells and pathogens

Question 30

different types of macrophages (4*)

Answer 30

dendritic, alveolar, wandering, microglia

Question 31

B lymphocyte

Answer 31

agranulocyte that produces immunoglobulins

Question 32

T lymphocytes

Answer 32

agranulocyte activates B cells (T helper) and kill infected body cells (T cytotoxic)