Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

AP Comp Gov > Unit 3: Russia > Flashcards

Unit 3: Russia Flashcards

1
Q

Catherine the Great

1728-1796

A

-empress of Russia, tsarist period
-continued with westernization (not comppletely becoause of Boyars/nobles), expanded into Poland, flirted vigourously with enlightenment,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

central committee

A

-key body in Communist party of the Soviet Union
-responsible for making major policy decisions
-influence declined with Stalin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Collectivism

A

-policy implemented in Soviet Union by Stalin
-aimed at consolidating private land and labor into large, state-controlled farms called collective farms
-prioritize state control over private ownership
-led to widespread resistance, famine,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

conflict in Chechnya

A

-series of wars between Chechen republic and Russia (1990s-200s)
-first war, Chechnya declared independence
-eventually, Russia reasserted authority

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

communism

A

-based on ideas of Marx (kindess) and Lenin (state owned) advocating for abolation of priavte property, establishment of a classless society
-implemented after 1017 Bolshevik Revolution leading to creation of Soviet Union

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Constitution of 1993

A

-establishes Russian Federation
-semi presidential: prime minisrter (head of gov) and president (head of state)
-adopted by a national referendum
-includes 3 branches
-aysmmetrical federalism: some regions have more powers than others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Constitutional court

A

-highest judicial body in Russia responsible for interpreting constitution
-judges appointed by executive branch
-questionable independence

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Crimea

A

-annexed by Russia in 2014; previouslly part of Ukraine
-escalated tensions between Russia and the west
-Crimean War (1850s): Russia vs Ottoman Empire, broke congress of Vienna/ concert of Europe, wanted warm water port, Russia lost and realized they needed to industrilize

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Democratic centeralism

A

-Lenin’s principle used by communist party of soviety union
-allowed open discussion and debate about a decision, but after decision is made strict obedience and unity were required; support without dissent
-system centeralized power in hands of party elite, limiting genuine democracy, enabling authoritarian control

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

DeStalinization

(1953-1964)

A

-Krushev: remoives any images of Stalin, cold war
-Brezhnev: final years of cold war, glasnost (politcal openess: proves everyone is miserable), Perestroika (economic reform, transfer of economic powers from governemnt to private, didnt go well)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Duma

A

-lower house of legislature (450 members elected by people), stronger influence, gives Vladmir legitimacy, dominant single party (United Russia), Pres has veto power over legislature, pres can ignore vote of no confidence (legislature’s responce to veto)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Federation Council

A

-upper house of legislature; main party: United Russia, 2 from 89 regions, executive chooses

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

5 year plans

A

Stalin’s collectivisation and infustrilization policy
-gov takes over ownership of all farms
-not enough food is produced, starvation
-created and administered by Gosplan

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Gorbachev, Mikhail

A

-leader during destalinization/ fall of soviet Union, red birthmark
-final years of cold war
-glasnost and perestroika

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

gosplan

A

-state planning committee of the Soviet Union, responsible for creating and administering Five-Year Plans
-set production targets, allocated recources, to achive rapid modernization and centeralized economic control
-led to famine

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Glasnost

A

Gorbachev
-political openess, allowed open discussion of issues, legitimacy/transparancy, civil society, get rid of fear
-proves evryone is miserable in poverty when see other countries

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Insider privitization

A

-process that occured after collapse of Soviet Union
-state owned enterprises transfered into private hands
-led to widespread corruption, ecnonmic inequaility, concentrated wealth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Illiberal Democracy

A

meets minimum requirements, barely democracy, electoral “authroitarianism”
-in Russia: elections occur, but are manipulated, stae-controlled media, opposition is repressed, judicial independence is limited

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

A Just Russia

A

-center-left political party in Russia that promotes social justice, welfare policies, and mixed economy
-supports putin on most issues
-serves to create an appearance of a multiparty democracy while maintaining the dominance of the Kremlin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Krushchev, Nikita

A

-took over after Stalin died, wanted to get rid of Stalin )destalinization), removed Stalin’s images,
-expansion of land, period of cold war, spread of communism

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Vladmir Lenin

A

-believed in confiscated land for rediustruction, created one party steate with his version of communism, government owened property, Stalin takes over after him

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Liberal Democrats

A

-far right national political party in Russia
-promotes authoritarianism, nationalism, anti-Western rhetoric, and strong centralized state

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

market reform

A

-series of economic polices implemented in 90s to transition fto market-based economy after collapse of Soviet Union
-led by President Boris Yeltsin
-price liberalization, privatization of state-owned enterprises, reducting state control
-led to hyperinflation, unemployment, economic inequality
-benifited small group of oligarchs

24
Q

Dmitri Medvedev

A

-president of russia 2008-2012, PM 2012-2020
-close ally of Putin

25
mixed electoral system for Duma
-combines propotional representaition and first past the post methods (half of seats are one way) -designed to balance party representation; favors United Russia party
26
Nomenklatura
-system in Soviet Union through which the Communist party maintained control by appointing loyal individuals to government -benifited from special access to resources and opportunities
27
Oligarchs
-small group of powerful and wealthy buisnessmen in Russia who gained significant political and economic infulence during 1990s -many oligarchs aquired control of industries like oil, gas, and media -under vladmir, they are brought under state control or exiled if they opposed the Kremlin
28
Patron Client System
-political leaders provide material benifits to indiviudals or groups in exchange for loyalty and political support
29
Peter the Great
-tsarist period -wanted to westernize Russia, moved capital to saint petersburg
30
Politburo
-executive committee of communist party of the Soviety Union -responsible for key decisions and governing country -composed of the top leaders of the party
31
Valdmir Putin
-president of russia 2000-present, former PM, former KGB officer -characterized by centeralization of power, supression of political opposition, control over media, and roll back of democratic reforms
32
Rule of law/ rule by law
-laws are often used as tools for political control, state uses it to legitimize is actions and supress opposition
33
Russian Orthodox Church
-largest Christian denomination in Russia -heavily repressed under communism -after fall of soviet union theres a revival, ties to Russian government, espescially under Putin -shapes ntional identity, supports state policies, inforcing conservative views
34
shock therapy
-set of rapid economic reforms under Boris Yeltsin to transition to a market-based economy after the collapse of the Soviet Union -privitization of state-owned industries, price liberalization, reducting state control over the economy -led to inflation, unemployment, economic inequality
35
Siloviki
-term used to describe individuals in Russia who come from security and military backgrounds -under vladmir, gained significant influence
36
37
Slavophile vs Westnener
slavophole: advocate for preserving Russia's culture, Orthodox faith, opposing Western influence, nationalism, authotitariansim westerners: support adopting Western European models of modernization, and democratic institutions, western political and economic practices is essential for Russian progress
38
stalin
-leader os soviet union until his death -consolideated power after Lenin, transformed USSR into a totalitarian state -rapid industrilization, collectivisation, and 5 year plans
39
state corporation
-state owned enterprise in Russia that operates independently of firect government control -dunded and managed by state -often lead by individuals with close ties to Kremin
40
United Russia
-dominant politcal party, supports Putin
41
soft authoritarianism
-political system in Russia that preserves the appearance of democracy through elections -media control, managed elections, legal pressures on dissent, particularly under Putin
42
Boris Yeltson
-first president of Russian Federation played key role in dissolving USSR, -market economy, shock therapy reforms, -inflation, economic inequality -appointed Putin as his successor
43
Vanguard party
-concept made by Putin: small, disciplined group of professional revolutionaries leades and guides the working class toward acheiving social revolution -justified party's monopoly on power
44
# Russia sources of legitimacy and power
-1993 constitution -managed elections: create appearance of democracy -nationalism: ressitance to Western influence
45
democratic vs auhoritarian elements
-elections (not free/fair) -1993 consitution: outlines citizens rights -political parties -legislature: State Duma and Federaton councel -centeralized power under Putin with limited checks and balances -media control -supression of opposition -restriction on civil society
46
# Russia elements of corruprion in this country and how governments have (or have not) attempted to mitigate problems with corruption
-oliogarch influence -judicial reform to improve independence: still heavily influenced by the Kremlin
47
executive system and how power is distributed among affairs of the sate and affairs of the government
-1993 constitution established a semi-presidential system with PM (head of gov) and president (head of state/more power) -draft laws based on constitution -can disolve Duma, appoints judicial memebrs, PM, cabinet and other ministers to head government departments -defines domestic and foreign policy -can change term limits (through referendum)
48
# Russia legislative structures and function
-bicameral legislation -State Duma: lower, 450 members elected by the people, stronger influence Federation COuncil: upper, main party: United Russia, 2 from 89 regions chosen by the executive -president has power over legislature, executive can ignore vote of no confidence
49
structure and function of the judicial system
-hierarchial structure, Constitutional Court (appointed by pres), Supreme Court, District Courts, Regional courts -doesn't cross Putin, "act" independently, decisions based by Putin, no courts have challanged Putin, State uses it as a power, not a check
50
# Russia how political culture relates to citizen behavior and the role of the state
-not much participation beyond voting, lack of trsut in system, limited aveneues for real change -acceptance of strong leadership: expect the state to provide stability, economic growth, security -state control obver media -nationalism+ conservatism (Russian Orthodox church)
51
# Russia describe electoral systmes and election rules
-State Duma elections are held every 5 years with a mixed system: proprtional representation and FPTP, -allegaltions of voter coercion and administrative manipulation
52
# Russia how global, economic, and techhnolohgical forces influence political parties, behavior, and culture
Crimena war: Russia realizes they need to industrilize -economy is heavily reliant on oil and natural gas exports -rise of oligatrchs lead to economic ineqality -Westnern sanctions after events like annexation of Crimea -state controls media, and implemented laws to restrict internet freedom -governement uses cyber capabilities for surveillence and misinformation
53
# Russia how globalization creates challanges to regime sovereignty
-sanctions after 2014 annexation on Crimea -gloablization has exposed Russian society to Western vlaues which undermine the lgitimacy of the Russia government -face criticism for violating global standards and norms
54
# Russia how international and supranational organizations influence domestic policy makers and national soveirgenty (WTO, OPEC)
-Russia joined WTO in 20212, Russia must align with its policies, allows other member countries to challange Russia's trade practices, uinderminding its soverignty, restricts ability to proritze sectors like argiculture and manufacturing -provide Russia with economic engagement, but challange soverienty as they require complance with standards
54
# Russia how governements adapt social policies to adress political, cultural, and economic change
-after protests, government adjusts social policies (limiting political dissent, media control, curbing non-governemnt organization) to maintain control -ensure Russian youth are taught a narrative that aligns with the state's values -because of modernization, adopted industrilization, welfare policies to adresse economic fluctuations

AP Comp Gov (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions