Unit 3: Roads to Revolutions

Question 1

3 criteria to make an event a Revolution

Answer 1

1.) People must be upset by and/or want to change the status quo.

2.) People (or a person) must present a plan that seems better than the status quo.

3.) the plan must be put into action and the plan should be followed and the change should happen… At least for a period of time.

There are many types of Revolutions such as Political/bloody, scientific/technological. An example is the scientific revolution, the people started questioning the world around them and wanted to know more than just some beliefs from the church. They presented the idea of the scientific method that could be used to more solidly get information. and the scientific method has been used for centuries.

Question 2

Who was the Inquisition?

Answer 2

The Inquisition was a court made by the Catholic church to give a trial to those who opposed the Catholic church. They also challenged scientific theories such as the theory that the earth was spinning around the sun, they thought it was the opposite and the sun was spinning around the earth.

Question 3

Who was Martin Luther?

Answer 3

A lawyer in training quit because he made a deal with god to become a monk if he survived a storm. He became a catholic priest, went to Germany, and saw corruption. He nailed 95 problems he saw which was the 95 thesis. Fredrick kidnapped him and locked him up for a while to protect him, while in the castle he translated the bible to german the common language this set the Catholic reformation in motion. He believed that the church should not have given indulgences, the reason he could find 95 problems was that he was a lawyer which means he had skills in finding problems with things.

Question 4

What is a tragic necessity?

Answer 4

When someone/people sacrifice something usually for the greater good. An example of this would be the french revolution, the revolutionaries or assembly stormed the Bastille to get weapons which was so they could defend themselves but because of this many died.

Question 5

What is a watershed moment?

Answer 5

An event that changes the course of history. There are many different examples of this but one of the most important by far is the American revolution which would give rise to one of the most if not the most powerful countries in the world.

Question 6

3 Estates

Answer 6

1. clergy: a body of ordained ministers in a Christian church
2. nobility: a privileged class of people — often receiving hereditary titles — also called the aristocracy
3. Everyone else: Commoners, Peasants, everyone else

Although the 3rd estates i.e. everyone else accounted for about 98% of the population they were only given one vote when votes were held which meant the first two estates could outvote the 3rd estate which gave power to the first 2 estates.

Question 7

King Louis XVl

Answer 7

The king who had ruled during the French Revolution, King Louie is seen as incompetent by historians because after he was more or less de-throned he would do anything the peasants said. Revolutionaries came to his house and made him wear the revolutionaries’ hat and he didn’t do anything.

Question 8

Marie Antoinette

Answer 8

The wife of King Louis was oblivious to the pain of the peasants. Was executed by guillotine. She famously said when the peasants were trying to ransack her house for grain “let them eat cake”. This thoroughly shows her unknowingness of the pain and hunger the peasants had.

Question 9

Jacobins

Answer 9

Radical revolutionaries who when King Louis XVl tried to say King Louis advocated the throne and tried to turn France into a republic. They eventually did turn France into a republic at least for a while, Napolean eventually became the second dictator. They started the reign of terror and killed king Louis, this was started by their leader Maximillien Robespierre.

Question 10

What were the 95 Theses?

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Answer 10

A number of complaints Martin Luther had against the catholic church’s sins. He nailed these to the Catholic church’s door, he did this even though he could risk getting ex-communicated or killed. This shows how brave Martin must have been because he could risk losing his life’s purpose.

Question 11

Catholic Reformation

Answer 11

After the commoners realized the sins the Catholic church committed they were angry and the Church tried to change itself to be less corrupt. This is one of the most important watershed moments because if not for this the catholic church would be no more.

Question 12

What is a revolution?

Answer 12

When the people or someone forcibly overthrows the government or social order in favor of a new government. This can be done in many different ways whether it be a politically bloody one i.e. French revolution or a technological revolution i.e. scientific revolution.

Question 13

What was the renaissance?

Answer 13

A period of time that took place in Italy and spread across Europe via people coming to Italy and taking information back to their homelands. A “rebirth” of European cultures that brang bang Roman and Greek art. Many important figures were born during this time or did things during this time.

example: Leonardo da Vinci, Leonardo was a Renaissance man or a person who had many skills, he was an artist, and an architect which is what the renaissance was, changes in architecture and art.

Question 14

What is humanism?

Answer 14

humanism: the idea that life should not be so focused on religion and more on humans and our well-being.

This is very similar to individualism which is the idea you should focus more on yourself and what you do.

Question 15

What was classical scholarship?

Answer 15

Classical scholarship is the study of Roman and Greek literature. This happened during the Renaissance when people began to embrace the old Roman and Greek cultures. This happened during the Renaissance when people were generally going back to study Greek and Roman Books, Cultures, and Architecture.

Question 16

What is Secularism?

Answer 16

secularism: the viewpoint that religion should not be the center of life.;non-religious

This is very similar to both individualism and humanism. Because it focuses on the idea that we should think about ourselves as humans.

Question 17

What is Individualism?

Answer 17

Individualism: people began to view human worth and the potential of people this allowed artists to stop being/ so focused on religious arts. This is closely connected to humanism and secularism which are focused on human worth.

Question 18

What is Christian Humanism?

Answer 18

Christian Humanism: more religious Humanism. Christian Humanism is focused on the study of Christianity and the love of Jesus Christ. This modified Humanism was made when religious people went to Italy and learned about Humanism, they took these ideas home, and eventually, this made Christian Humanism.

Question 19

Who was Leonardo da Vinci?

Answer 19

Leonardo da Vinci was a renaissance man or a person with many skills, he dissected human cadavers to learn about the human body. He was around during the Renaissance which was when many innovations were being made which is exactly what he did which was why he was called a renaissance man.

Question 20

What was the protestant reformation?

Answer 20

The protestant reformation was a religious reform that went across Europe that was started by Martin Luther. It became a branch of Christianity, This is very similar to the Catholic reformation, but instead of the church itself trying to change itself instead, it swept across general Europe.

Question 21

What was an indulgence?

Answer 21

An indulgence was a pass the catholic church charged so that a person could commit a crime and when confronted show the pass and leave unscathed. Indulgences were eventually destroyed during the Catholic reformation because the Catholic Church wanted to stop being corrupt.

Question 22

What was the National Assembly?

Answer 22

The National Assembly were semi-revolutionaries who were from the 3rd estate and met in a tennis court and formed. They gunned the Jacobins because they did not want to be a full republic and instead wanted to make a constitution that on certain things King Louie could veto or stop.

Question 23

Who was Maximilien Robespierre?

Answer 23

Maximilien Robespierre was a man who was the leader of the Jacobins for a period of time and was the president of the national convention. He issued the execution of 17,000 enemies of the revolutionaries and started the reign of terror.

Question 24

What was the Reign of Terror?

Answer 24

The Reing of Terror was a time when many people and others were killed usually by guillotine and were started by Maximilien Robespierre, eventually though because of Maximilien Robespierre’s paranoia he was guillotined himself which marked the end of the reign of terror.

Question 25

who was Napoleon Bonaparte?

Answer 25

Napoleon Bonaparte was a military general who because of a political revolution could move up in the ranks and after winning many battles he eventually became the dictator of France. He was known as one of the most important figures because he helped France win wars which allowed France to spread semi-republic ideas which greatly changed Europe.

Question 26

What was the industrial revolution?

Answer 26

The industrial revolution was a move from using agriculture and making products by hand to using factors to mass produce products. This costs the environment because of pollution as well as the quality of products because the products were mass-produced.

Question 27

What was child labor?

Answer 27

Child labor was used because companies had to pay less to children than men and because their hands were smaller they could fit in the machinery. Many children lost their lives because of the low safety standard.

Question 28

What was the Scientific revolution?

Answer 28

A period of time when people began to question the world around them. Many innovations were made during this time. One of the most important things we still use today was created by two people this thing is called the scientific method and was created by Francis and Patty.

Question 29

What is the Scientific Method?

Answer 29

The Scientific Method is a way to objectively find something out through experimentation this way was created by Francis Bacon and Rene Descartes.

The scientific method goes in the order

1.)Think about a problem or develop a purpose 2.)question
3.)Research/ Observe/ Provide previous knowledge
4.)Come up with a Hypothesis
5.)Conduct the Experiment
6.)Collect and Analyze the Data
7.)Develop the Conclusion
8.)Further questioning

Question 30

Who was Ptolemy?

Answer 30

Ptolemy was a person who wrote about astronomy and geography in ancient times, he made the theory that the earth was the center of the solar system or as people call it the “geocentric theory”.

Question 31

Who was Nicolaus Copernicus?

Answer 31

Nicolaus Copernicus published a book that sparked the beginning of the scientific revolution. He said in the book that he thought instead of the sun spinning around the earth it was instead the earth spinning around the sun, he died before he could prove this though.

Question 32

Who was Galileo Galilei?

Answer 32

Galileo Galilei was an Italian scientist who was one of the first people to study the sky with a telescope and see craters and mountains on the moon. He was known for conducting experiments rather than just making observations.

Question 33

Who was Issac Newton?

Answer 33

Sir Issac Newton published the book Principia Mathematica, historians and scientists believe that he was one of the greatest scientists who ever lived. His theories were proven so many times that they became laws. these include the law of gravity and the law of motion.

Question 34

What was the Arab Spring?

Answer 34

A political revolution started because a certain Mohamed Bouazizi set himself on fire to show the corruption of the government and this inspired the Tunisian people to make their leaders step down, this wasn’t the Arab spring but was the Jasmin Revolution. This inspired other countries to also make their leaders step down, this was the Arab Spring.

Question 35

What is a Refugee?

Answer 35

A person who has crossed international borders and is not willing to go home because of fear of persecution. Many refugees left Syberia because their leader was not willing to step down and instead bombed his own people.

Question 36

Who was Mohamed Bouazizi?

Answer 36

Mohamed Bouazizi was a street vendor who set himself on fire in front of the government building because the government had confiscated his fruit cart which was his only way of surviving. Because of this, he set himself on fire, this was the reason the Arab Spring started.