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Biology > Unit 3 - Respiration > Flashcards

Unit 3 - Respiration Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What are the products of the light dependent stage in photosynthesis

A

ATP and reduced NADP

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2
Q

what is ATM made of

A

phosphate groups, ribose and adenosine

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3
Q

Chemiosmosis

A

the flow of protons down an electrochemical gradient, through ATP synthetase, which provides the potential energy necessary to synthesise ATP by phosphorylation.

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4
Q

where in the mitochondria does the electron transport chain take place

A

The thylakoid membrane

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5
Q

what is the current model for oxidative phosphorylation

A

chemiosmotic theory

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6
Q

Photosynthesis

A

green plants capture light energy and transduce it into chemical energy stored in molecules of carbohydrate.

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7
Q

what do Chloroplast contain

A

photosynthetic pigments

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8
Q

what do photosynthetic pigments do

A

absorb light energy at particular wavelengths

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9
Q

what do chloroplasts do in low light conditions

A

distribute evenly throughout the cytoplasm to maximise absorption of the available light

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10
Q

what do chloroplasts do inhigh light intensit

A

line up in vertical columns against the cell wall, side on to the light to prevent damage by over-exposure.

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11
Q

how can we separate Photosynthetic pigments

A

chromatography

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12
Q

how to calculate Rf

A

distance moved my pigment from origin, over, distance moved by solvent from origin

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13
Q

what is an absorption spectrum

A

a graph which shows how much light is absorbed by a pigment at different wavelengths of light.

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14
Q

what is an action spectrum

A

a graph which shows the rate of photosynthesis at different wavelengths of light.

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15
Q

what happens when you overlay the absorption spectrum and the action spectrum

A

peaks show a very close correlation suggesting that the wavelengths of light absorbed, by the photosynthetic pigments, are actually used for photosynthesis.

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16
Q

what did Thomas Englemann do

A

devised an experiment to determine which wavelengths of light were used most for photosynthesis

17
Q

in Thomas Englemann’s experement which regions of light waves shows the highest photosynthetic activity.

A

blue and red regions

18
Q

what is the process called wherePhotosynthetic pigments absorb light energy

A

light harvesting

19
Q

where does light harvesting take place

A

antenna complexes within the thylakoid membranes
of the chloroplasts

20
Q

where is chlorophill found

A

in the reaction centre of the antenna complex of there chloroplasts

21
Q

what prevents light energy from escaping the antenna complex

A

proteins

22
Q

how many molecules of chlorophyll does the reaction centre contain

A

2

23
Q

what happens when the chlorophyll absorbs light energy

A

emit high energy electrons

24
Q

what are the two types of reaction centre

A

Photosystem I -absorption peak of 700nm
Photosystem II - absorption peak of 680nm

25
Q

Phosphorylation

A

the addition of a phosphate group to ADP to form ATP.

26
Q

Cyclic photophosphorylation

A

-involves PSI only
-electron is donated to the electron transport system to help generate a proton gradient for chemiosmosis

27
Q

Non-cyclic photophosphorylation

A

involving PSI and PSII.
High energy electrons, from PSI are passed to NADP forming reduced NAPD, PSI steels electron from PSII. PSII pass election to electron transport system, the e- is then returned to PSI.. PSII is now an electron short!

28
Q

meaning of Non-cyclic photophosphorylation

A

non- cyclic pathway as the electron does not return to its origin

29
Q
A
30
Q

What are the products of the light dependent stage in photosynthesis used for

A

light independent stage or Calvin cycle,

31
Q

Photolysis

A

the splitting of water by light, producing protons (hydrogen ions), electrons and oxygen. The water molecules used for photolysis are found in the thylakoid space.

32
Q

another name for the light independent stage

A

Calvin cycle

33
Q
A

Biology (4 decks)

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