Unit 3 - Resourses And Industries Flashcards
What is total stock?
All parts of the natural environment including energy, living organisms, and non-living materials. Ex. Sunlight, trees and water are all part of total stock.
What is a resource?
Anything that can be used to produce goods and services such as raw materials, workers, money, land.
What is a natural resource?
Things found in total stock that people find useful.
What’s a renewable resource?
Resources that can be regenerated if used carefully.
What are non-renewable resources?
Resources that are limited and cannot be replaced once they are used up.
What is a flow resource?
Flow resources are constantly produced by nature. Their supply cannot be damaged by human activity.
What are other resources?
Resources that do not fit into the other 3 categories.
Which of the 3Rs is the best?
Reducing.
What is conservation?
Th wise use of resources.
What’s rethinking by individuals?
Individuals are voters and have the right to choose a government that will pass more stringent laws that protect the environment.
What’s rethinking by companies?
Many companies have found ways to increase financial returns by using resources more carefully. Governments pass laws to force companies to rethink how they operate.
What’s rethinking by governments?
Have to rethink how they can become more involved in protecting a country’s resources. They can do 2 things; 1. Use a carrot (reward) or 2. Use a stick (punishment)
What is mining the resource?
Exploiting a resource in an unsustainable way
What is sustained yield management?
The process of managing a renewable resource to ensure the amount harvested does not cause long-term depletion of the resource. The harvest is equal or less than the amount replenished each year.
What are needed resource(s) for farming and the problems associated with it?
A sustainable climate and deep fertile soils.
Problems- soil deterioration, bad farming practices and urban growth reduces amount of farm land.
What are the resource(s) needed for forestry and the problems associated with it?
A climate and soils that are appropriate for the type of trees are required.
Problems- poor forestry practices and soil erosion
What are resource(s) needed for commercial fishing
Naturally occurring fish stocks needed
Problems- overfishing and pollution in water
What are GDDs?
GDDs (growing degree days)- a measure of how warm the growing season is in a given location. The higher the GDD the warmer the climate and the wider range of crops you can grow.
What’s a CLI?
CLI (Canadian land inventory)- 7 classes that classify the land soil in Canada and how well it is for farming. Only classes 1-3 are good enough for farming commercial crops (5%)
What is intensive and extensive farming?
Intensive- small areas of land that require large amount of labour.
Extensive- large areas of land that require small amounts of labour.
What is an old-growth forest?
A forest that has never been logged.
What’s aquaculture?
Fish farming.
What are inshore fisheries? (explain with detail).
Commercial fishing carried out close to shore in small independently owned boats. Within 16-25km inshore with 85% labour force and 10% total catch. These are owned by individuals and families and fish in the warmer months.
What’s an offshore fishery? (Explain with detail).
Commercial fishing carried out farther from shore in larger company owned boats.
They fish at edges of continental shelf for groundfish. 15% labour force and 90% catch. These boats are 50 m or longer and owned by large companies with year round fishing
What is an R/P ratio?
The number of years that the reserves of a non-renewable resource will last at current rates of production.
Reserves/production= yrs until gone
What is a reserve?
How much of a resource is thought to be in the ground based on exploration date.
What is production?
How much of a resource is being taken from the found each year.
What is a metallic mineral?
A mineral that yields a metal (iron, gold, copper, uranium). Typically comes from igneous and metamorphic rock.
What is a non-metallic mineral?
A mineral that does not change its form when melted (sand, gravel, diamonds, potash, salt, limestone) . Most common in sedimentary rock.
What is ore?
A rock that contains enough of a valuable metallic mineral to make mining profitable.
What is a mineral reserve?
A mineral deposit that can be mined profitably.
How are minerals mined (3 types).
- Strip mining
- Open-pit mining
- Underground mining
What’s strip mining?
Cheapest but can only be used for mineral deposits located very close to the surface. Used to extract minerals such as sand, gravel, coal deposits, oil sands. This has the most severe environmental impact since large areas of the land disturbed.
What’s open-pit mining?
More expensive than strip mining. Used for minerals relatively close to the surface but deeper than strip mining. (Diamond deposits, oils sands, iron ore deposits.
What’s underground mining?
Most expensive mining method. Used to extract potash and valuable ores (gold, nickel, copper). Some mines can be 3000 m deep.
How is strip mining done?
- Overburdened removed
- Blasting may be necessary to remove some mineral deposits
- Minerals loaded onto trucks or conveyor belts
How is open-pit mining done?
- Overburden removed
- 10-15 m holes drilled and filled with explosives
- Ore loaded onto large trucks
How is underground mining done?
- Mines have shafts accessible by elevators
- Explosives are used to blast rock
- Blasted rock moved to an underground crusher
What’s a primary industry?
An industry that focuses on produces or extracting natural resources.
What’s a secondary industry?
An industry that focuses on making using the products of primary industries.
What’s a tertiary industry?
An industry that focuses on providing services.
What’s globalization?
The process by which something is done at global rather than a national or local level
What’s a knowledge-based industry?
Manufacturing based on the ideas, knowledge and skills of a well educated work force.
What’s free trade?
International trade without tariffs or other barriers of trade.
What’s a tariff?
A tax applied to goods designed to protect domestic manufacturers by making foreign goods more expensive.
What’s comparative advantage?
A situation in which a county is better off focusing its efforts in fields where its most competitive.
What’s a basic job?
A job that brings money into an economy from somewhere else.
What’s a non-basic job?
A job that circulates money within an economy.
What’s the multiplier effect?
The increase in total wealth or income that occurs when new money is injected into an economy.
