unit 3 - rebellions (1509-1569) Flashcards
what was the tudor chain of being?
that ordinary people were subordinate and, in rebellions, were often not trying to overturn the monarch (as the head of the chain) but wanted change
when was the pilgrimage of grace?
1536
what was the primary cause of the pilgrimage of grace?
religious and targeted cromwell as felt church was under threat
how many people were in the army of the pilgrimage of grace by october 21 1536?
30,000
what castle did the pilgrimage of grace take over?
pontefract castle
what articles outlined the pilgrimage of graces greivances?
york articles
who led the pilgrimage of grace?
robert aske
how did the pilgrimage of grace get resolved?
henry viii offered to discuss the matters in parliament and gave them all pardons
henry executed robert aske!
what was the aftermath of the pilgrimage of grace?
greater control of the noerth through re-establishing the council of the north in 1537
what were the causes of the pilgrimage of grace?
religious
economic
political
northern
how were religious causes the greatest of the pilgrimage of grace?
dissolution of the monasteries - these were places of service for the poor population of the north, therefore people were dissatisfied
defense of catholicism - catholicism was previously ubiquitous so angry at the more prootestant approach taken by henry viii
how did economic factors cause the pilgrimage of grace?
food shortages - for example the poor harvests in 1536 led people in the north to want more economic activity from the crown
tax - hostility to cromwells economic policies, as it was feared to increased tax on farmers
how did political factors cause the pilgrimage of grace?
fuedal dues - angered the gentry as they had no control over their land
cromwells policies - people hated the acts of supremacy and saw cromwell as evil
why did northern feeling cause the pilgrimage of grace?
people felt very excluded from london, and that the policies only affected those in London, left northern standards of living poorer
what was the main failures of the pilgrimage of grace?
- there was no actual attempt to take over the monarch (tudor chain of being)
- this was a rebellion form the north and had no real intention of moving down south towards London
- lack of nobility support
how was the pilgrimage of grace threatening?
- dissolution of monasteries left gov disordered
- henry viii had no army to combat
- had pontefract castle (threatening potential and position)
how was the pilgrimage of grace less thretening?
- they had no intention of overthrowing the king
- localised rebellion as had most support from local community
- unlucky time for the rebels as it was winter so want to give up
when was the western rebellion?
1549
who led the western rebellion?
humphrey arundell
how many rebels in the western rebellion marched to credition?
6000
what city did the westenr rebellion try and take over?
exeter - strategic place
although took ages so reduced threat
how many people did it take to crush the western rebellion? who led the royal army?
8000
Russel
what were the two causes of the western rebellion?
religious
economic
why was religious causes the most prominent cause of the western rebellion?
- dislike for the book of common prayer and the transaltion of the book into english as very catholic area
why was the wetsern rebellion less of a threat?
- did not want to overthrow the monarch and only wanted to bring attention to their grievances
why did economic causes cause the western rebellion?
- new taxes on animals
- rising food prices
- anger at the local gentry who profited form the sale of the monasteries
how was the western rebellion threatening?
- army of 8000
- organised through their 8 articles
- evoked a italian mercenaries response
- wanted to march to london
why did the western rebellion fail?
- exeter did not surrender, therefore could not march to London
-no foreign support - no chance of being considered in parliament as wanted protestantism
when was the kett rebellion?
1549
who led the kett rebellion?
robert kett
how many rebels were in the kett rebellion?
16,000
where did the rebels encamp in the kett rebellion?
mousehold heath
how was the kett rebellion organised?
they followed proper legal procedure and presented themesleves as a legitamate threat
what city did the kett rebellion have?
norwich (second biggest to london therefore a significant threat)
what was the most significant cause of the kett rebellion?
economic greivances with enclosures
why were economic causes the most significant cause of the kett rebellion?
enclosures - common land could not be used to graze animals, and rising rents meant people were put into poverty - lower class were angry at gov as they supported this
rising food prices - grain was very expensive and local gov would not help
how did political causes, result in the kett rebellion?
somersets policies - people thought they had his support so would want to rebel to express their grievances
people were uncontent with the loccal government (e.g. JP’s)
how did religious causes, result in the kett rebellion?
people were discontent with the quality of the clergy and priests - fien with actual religion
how was the kett rebellion threatening?
- organised (articles of 1549)
- very real grievances
- did not want any religious change but wanted social/economic
- had mousehold heath
what percent of the population in norwich owned 60% of all land?
6
why did the kett rebellion fail?
- no intent to overthrow the throne,
- no support from upper class,
- only really threatening for the policy makers and not the monarch
- no radical agenda so not considered important
when was the wyatt rebellion?
1554
who led the wyatt rebellion?
sir thomas Wyatt
why was wyatt a good leader?
- family was reputable
- had defended the king beforehand
therefore could establish a force very quickly
how many men did the wyatt rebelion have by january 1554?
2000
what did the wyatt rebellion capture, making it so threatening?
the queens ships and cannons
who defended mary from the wyatt rebellion?
londoners rallied against the ‘rank traitors’ formed an army under earl of Pembroke
did the wyatt rebellion go against the tudor chain of being?
yes, they wanted to dispose mary
what was the main cause of the wyatt rebellion?
xenophobia/religious - people were against mary marrying Phillip (they were against the foreigner) this marriage would also involve england is spains conflicts - bad for economy
how was the wyatt rebellion threatening?
- the leader (Wyatt) had experience with governing,
- wyatt played on peoples xenophobia
- caused mary to nearly be deposed, wyatt turned into a martyr
how did the wyatt rebellion fail?
- the support was too localised, the xenophobia was not widespread
- not supported by monarchists
- the royal army was gathered quickly
- wyatt was the only leader
when was the northern rebellion?
1569
who led the northern rebellion?
Charles Neville - (Earl of Westmorland)
Thomas Percy - (Earl of Northumberland)
where did the northern rebellion take place place?
yorkshire
what did the northern rebellion want?
restoration of catholicism, against the settlement
tried to rescue mary
how many men did the northern rebellion have?
3800 foot soliers
1600 horsemen
how many men was the royal army that faced the northern rebellion?
10,000
what were the main causes of the northern rebellion?
religious - purely wanted catholicism in power and mry queen of scots,
- mary had no heir and so worried about her succession
- the lords offered money and incentive for locals to join rebellion
how much were the earls offering to those that joined the northern rebellion?
16 pence a day
how was the northern rebellion theatening?
the rebellion had the support of mary queen of scots, who had the right to the english throne
rebellion was supported by local nobles and commoners alike
how was the northern rebellion a faliure?
- lack of support outside of the north
- the spanish support did not materialise
- elizabeth ordered the execuion of all the rebels
- the rebellion had poor planning, they turned back and had the earl of northumberland captured
