Unit 3 - Public Speaking and Presentations Flashcards
Contemporary approach to public Speaking
- Credibility, emotion, and logic are important
2.
Contemporary approach to public Speaking
- Credibility, emotion, and logic are important
- Attitude plays a role in projection
- Ethos, pathos, and logos is needed for success
- Great speeches come off as good story telling
Characteristics of a confident speaker
- Be passionate about your topic
- Feedback/criticism can be helpful/useful
- Best public speaking style is conversational
- Have a positive outlook on the audience
- Believe in and reassure yourself
Ethos
The audience’s perception that the speaker is trustworthy, credible, and competent.
Pathos
The ability to arouse emotion within the audience
Logos
Speech that is supported by logical reasoning.
Inductive Reasoning
Specific reasons or examples that lead us to a conclusion.
Deductive Reasoning
Starts out with broad/generalizations, and then later can move to more specific examples.
Syllogism
Classic form of deductive reasoning using three lines, first is a major premise, second is a minor premise, final line is is the conclusion. Ex. All men are mortal, Socrates is a man, therefore Socrates is a mortal.
Fallacies
Descriptions of the ways in which arguments can go wrong.
Hasty Generalization
A fallacy of inductive reasoning that comes to a general conclusion based on too few or unrepresentative examples. Ex. Finding good parking on campus one day, means there will always good parking.
Straw Person
When refuting an argument, trying to defeat a weaker form of the argument instead of addressing the stronger point in the argument.
Post hoc ergo propter hoc aka “after, therefore b/c of”
When one event, precedes a second, it is believed to have caused the second, i.e. superstition
Forced dichotomy
When speaker proposes only certain solutions to a problem, and purposefully or ignorantly ignores any other solutions.
Ad hominem aka “about the person”
The person tries to attack the arguer him/herself instead of debating the argument itself
Appeal to misplaced authority
Reliance on a popular person to speak as an authority to an unrelated issue. Ex. Having Lebron James speak about a certain brand of headphones instead of basketball shoes (which he would be more credible).
Characteristics of Good Story Telling
- Topic is of interest to audience
- Plot takes place over period of time
- Added details to make story more vivid
- An appropriate setting
- A conflict that climaxes and is later resolved
Characteristics of a Good Story
- It is realistic
- Has sustainable value (audience can apply what was learned)
- They are organized
- They are interactive
Informative Speech
A speech that builds on what is already known, and then tries to teach something new
Persuasive Speech
A speech that aims to change a person’s attitude, belief, opinions, or behaviors.
Entertainment Speech
A speech that aims to amuse the listener, lighten their mood, or distract them from tougher times/subjects
Topical Organization
Three separate main points all connected by the overall topic
Chronological Organization
Points follow a timeline, similar to a biography
Spatial Organiation
Organized by way of the area or location to which the speech/story takes place
Three goals for a strong speech ending
- Audience should feel connected to speaker
- Audience should feel connected to the topic
- Audience should thinkin about topic long after speech is over
Informative vs Persuasive Speeches
Informative provides information only, Persuasive will provide information along with an opinion with the intent to urge or call to action.
Goals of Informative Speeches
- Communicate information
- Further existing knowledge
- Updated outdated info
Create, Alter, Further
If no knowledge at all - create
If outdated knowledge - Alter
If present knowledge, but need more - Further
Goals of Persuasion
Want to change how the listener thinks, feels, or acts.
Attitude vs Belief
Attitude refers to an opinion
Belief is a more general view of the world
Types of Persuasive Speeches
Definitional - Is it, or it aint
Factual - True or False
Policy - Political Problem/Solution
Value - Virtue, Judgement
Psychological Reactance Theory (Brehm)
The human inclination to resist change due to a random belief that it threatens their freedom.
