Unit 2 - Basics of Communication Flashcards
Selection
When you choose to focus on certain info, and ignore others
Selective Exposure
We only expose ourselves to info that reinforces our existing beliefs, and ignore info that goes against our beliefs
Selective Attention
Once exposed to info, we pay attention to certain info and ignore others
Selective Perception
Our inclination to see, hear, and believe what we want
Selective Recall
We remember things that we agree with, and cannot remember things that go against our beliefs
Organization
When a communicator groups information into smaller units to make better sense out of it
Figure & Ground Organization
Focusing on one figure, and leaving everything else in the background
Closure Organization
Closing gaps by filling in missing information
Proximity Organization
Grouping things together based on their closeness or proximity to one another
Similarity Organization
Organizing things based on the similarities they share
What factors influence perception?
Biological, Past Experiences, Identity, Current Internal Status
Self-Concept
The comprehensive way in which we define ourselves.
Self-Esteem
The degree to which you approve of yourself, your approval of your self-concept
Stereotype
Inaccurate perceptions based on generalizations
Attribution Error
Inaccurate assumptions we naturally make
Fundamental attribution error
Attributing positive outcomes that someone experiences to external sources, and negative outcomes to internal sources.
Locus of causation
The source of a person’s behavior whether internal or external
Self-serving bias
Fundamental attribution error that only favors oneself, positives are internal, negatives caused externally
Erving Goffman’s Impression Mgmt
deliberate use of verbal and nonverbal messages to create a particular impression among others
4 Steps for Effective Self-Presentation
- Set a goal
- Create a strategy
- Execute strategy, evaluate results
- Modify negative perceptions
“Culture” reflects the following behaviors…
- Shared values & beliefs
- Lifestyles that are led by the people
- Products that are bought
- Rules that are followed
Co-Culture
Smaller culture that reflect unique interests/beliefs within a general culture
Globalization
the process of our world becoming ever more connected in economic, political, organizational, and personal terms as transportation and telecommunication systems improve
Individualism
Culture that values assertiveness, independence, and emotionally distant people
Collectivism
Values a persons role in a group more than their role as an individual, view people not part of the group like outsiders
High-context communication
Being able to understand and communicate w/ non verbal/societal cues
Low-context communication
Needing explicit words, facts, and explanations to communicate/understand
High-Power Distance
The importance a group places on status, rank, and power influences, are unlikely to question the actions and statements of people with a lot of power or of high rank in society, at work, or within the family.
Low-Power Distance
People tend to communicate in ways that promote equality and diminish the barriers between people that status and rank create.
Masculinity
Masculine cultures value competitiveness and achievement, even at the expense of interpersonal relationships.
Femininity
In feminine cultures, relationships, compassion, and nurturing are highly valued. Cooperation, listening, and showing empathy are important communication skills.
Monochronic Cultures
tend to like doing one thing at a time, being punctual, and concentrating fully to meet their commitments.
Polychronic Time
tend to like working on multiple things at one time. Their style may seem chaotic and unfocused to a monochronic individual. Polychronic people are flexible in terms of starting times for appointments and deadlines.
Ethnocentrism
the belief that one’s own culture and lifestyle are superior to all others.
Skills for Competent Intercultural Communication
- Learn all you can about where you are going
- Adapt to the norms once you get there
- Do not view people that are different as bad
- Be as tolerant as possible
- Keep labels and generalizations to a min
In terms of communication, what is a medium?
a device that moves messages over distance or through time
What is considered traditional media?
Print, radio, and television
What is considered new media?
Cell phones, text messages, email, social media
What is true of new media according to research?
- We are pretty narcissistic on social media
- Social media is making us more aggressive, obsessive, & selfish
3, We are become more uncomfortable w/ face to face interaction/communication
Role-taking
Considering how someone feels before you speak to them about something that may upset them, and choosing not to
Synchronous Communication
involves instant replies and back-and-forth, real-time interaction. For example, texting and instant messaging allow for synchronous communication.
Asynchronous communication
occurs outside of the constraints of time and place. Email is often asynchronous because we use it to send messages and wait for responses when receivers are not at their communication devices or are simply not available.
Rich Media
Media that is capable of facilitating understanding; media that comes close to simulating face-to-face communication, and allows for the exchange of nonverbal information, emotion, and quick feedback.
Lean Media
reliant mostly on text and permit little or no exchange of affect, instant feedback, or important nonverbal cues.
