Unit 3- Populations Vocabulary Flashcards
Age Structure Diagram
A model that predicts the population growth and by a shape.
Biocapacity
A term in ecological footprint accounting meaning the amount of biologically productive Land and Sea available to us.
Birth Control
The effort to control the number of children one bears, particularly by reducing the frequency of pregnancy.
Carrying Capacity
The maximum population size that a given environment can sustain.
Contraception
The deliberate attempt to prevent pregnancy despite sexual intercourse.
Crude Birth Rate
The number of births per 1,000 individuals for a given time period.
Crude Death Rate
The number of deaths per 1,000 individuals for a given time period.
Demographic Transition
A theoretical model of economic and cultural change that explains the declining death rates and birth rates that occurred in Western nations as they became industrialized. The model holds that industrialization caused these rates to fall naturally by decreasing mortality and by lessening the need for large families. Parents would therefore choose to invest in a quality of life rather than quantity of children.
Demography
A social science that applies the principle of population ecology to study of statistical change in human populations.
Density-dependent Factor
A limiting factor whose effects on the a population increase or decrease depending on the population density.
Density-independent Factor
A limiting factor whose effects on a population are constant regardless of population density.
Dieback
Refers to a rapid increase in numbers experienced by a population of organisms that has temporary exceeded, or overshot, it’s carrying capacity. Organisms at low trophic levels such as rodents or deer, as well as weed seeds of plants, experience dieback most often.
Doubling Time
Is the time it takes for a population to double in size / value.
Emigration
The departure of individuals from a population.
Exponential Growth
The increase of a population(or of anything) by a fixed percentage each year.
Generalist
A species that can survive in a wide array of habitats or use a wide array of resources.
Immigration
The arrival of individuals from outside a population.
Infant Mortality Rate
The number of deaths of infants under one year of age per 1000 live birth in a population.
Invasive Species
A species that spreads widely and rapidly becomes dominant in a community, interfering with the community’s normal functioning.
K-selected
The term denoting a species with low biotic potential whose members produce a small number of offspring and take a long time to gestate and raise each of their young, but invest heavily in promoting the survival and growth of these few offspring. Populations of K - selected species are generally regulated by density - dependent factors.
Life Expectancy
The average number of years that individuals in a particular age groups are likely to continue to live.
Limiting Factors
A physical, chemical, or biological characteristic of the environment that restrains population growth.
Logistic Growth Curve
A plot that shows how the initial exponential growth of a population is slowed and finally brought to a standstill by limiting factor.
Migration
Movement from one part of something to another.
Rate of Natural Increase/ Natural Rate of Population Change
The rate of change in population size resulting from birth and death rates alone, excluding migration also called natural rate of population change.
Negative Population Growth
A population size gets smaller, reducing the number of people inhabiting a country.
Overshoot
The amount by which humanity’s resource use, as measured by its ecological footprint, has surpassed its long-term capacity to support us.
Population Density
The number of individuals within a population per unit area.
Population Distribution
The spiral arrangement of organisms within a particular area.
Population Growth Rate
The rate of change in a population’s size per unit time(generally expressed in percent per year), taking into account births, deaths, immigration, and emigration.
Linear Growth
The characteristic of growing by the same amount of each unit of time, a diagonal straight line.
R-selected
Term denoting a species with high biotic potential whose number is produced a large number of offspring in a relatively short time but do not care for their young after birth. Populations of r-selected species are generally regulated by density-independent factors.
Replacement Fertility
The total fertility rate (TFR)that maintains a stable population size.
Rule of 70
The rule of 70 is a means of estimating the number of years it takes for x amount to double.
Rule of 70
The rule of 70 is a means of estimating the number of years it takes for x amount to double.
Sex Ratio
The proportion of males to females in a population.
Specialiat
A species that can survive only in a narrow range of habitats that contains very specific resources.
Survivorship Curves
A graph that shows how the likelihood of death for members of a population varies with age.
Total Fertility Rate(TFR)
The average number of children born per member of a population during her lifetime.
