Unit 3 Plano Part 2

Question 1

Budget Power

Answer 1

• abilitity to affect political decisions concerning the income and spending of public money
• presidents budgetary powers

1. initiatory role
2. ability to inglunce Congress during its consideration of budget
3. Threat and use of veto on appropriations acts
4. descretion exercised in spending funds appropriated by Congress

Question 2

Cabinet

Answer 2

• advisory group selected by the President to aid him in kaing decisions
• informal group, memebership determined by tradition and presidential discretion.
• heads of major departments are members of the cabinet

Question 3

Chief of Party

Answer 3

• role of the chief executive as the nations’ partisan political leader
• as chief of party, the president

1. influences the voters on behalf of his party
2. makes patronage appointments to high executive positions and to federal judgeships
3. grants “pork barrel” favors
4. campaigns for party members
5. raises large amouts of “soft” money for the party through events such as speaking engagements and fund raising dinners
6. plays an important role in decision making with the party’s organizations
7. frequently consults with party leaders throughout the nation

Question 4

Chief of State

Answer 4

• Role of the president as ceremonial head of the government of the US.
• Duties include

1. greeting foreign dignitaries
2. acting as host at state dinners
3. throwing out the first baseball at the start of the season
4. bestowing honors

Question 5

Emergency Powers

Answer 5

Powers exercised during a period of crisis by the national government, or those powers conferred by Congress upon the President for a limited period of time

Presidents exercise of inherent powers in the field of foreign affairs provides an additional source of power during emergencies

Question 6

Executive Agreement

Answer 6

• internation agreemnet, reached by the president with foreign heads of state, that does not require senatorial approval
• can do this because of constitutional power as commander in chief and his general authority in foreign relations, or under power delegated to him by Congress
• can be weakened by Congress refusing to make the necessary appropriations

Question 7

Executive Order

Answer 7

rule or regulation, issubed by the Pres, a governor, or some adminitrative authority, that has the effect of law.

Question 8

Executive Privilege

Answer 8

right of the executive officials to refuse to appear before or to withhold information from a legislative committee or a court

Question 9

Line Item Veto

Answer 9

• Power exercised by the governors in most states to veto sections or items of an appropriation bill while signing the ramainder of the bill into law.
• Legislatures may override the betoed items
• president was granted this power in 1996
  
  • takes effect unless Congress, within 30 days, passed a bill to overturn the Presidents action, which could then be vetod, and then overridden by two-thirds vote in congress

Question 10

Minority President

Answer 10

• elected president who has received less that 50 precent of the total popular votes cast for all candidates, although obtaining a majority of the electoral votes.
• Likely to happen when aseveral fairly strong minor party candidates are in the presdiential conteset

Question 11

Pocket Veto

Answer 11

special veto power exercised at the end of a legislative session whereby bills not signed by a chief executive die after a specified time.

Constitution says if the President holds a bill for ten days without signing or betoing it, it becomes law as long as Congress is in session. It is pocket vetoed if Congress adjourns during the ten days.

Question 12

Presidential Power

Answer 12

vast array of foreign and domestic executive powers exercised by the presdident in carrying out duties of his office under Article II of the constitution.

Question 13

Prerogative Theory

Answer 13

John Locke

Chief executive can exercise extraordinary power if needed to protect and presesrve the nation

Question 14

Stewardhsip Theory

Answer 14

• View of presidential powers that holds that the President has not only the right but also the duty to do anything needed to safeguard the nation and to protect the American peolpe, unless such action is specifically forbidden bty the constitution.
• Theodore Roosevelt

Question 15

Taftian (Contractual) Theory

Answer 15

• view of presidential powers that holds that the President is limited by the specific grants of power authorized in the Constitution and by statute.
• Every executive power must be traced to some specific grant of power, or reasonably implied by a grant of power
• William Howard Taft

Question 16

Recess Appointment

Answer 16

• appointment of a federal offical made by the President to fill a vacancy while the Senate is not in session.
• appointments must be confirmed by the Senate, those who are appointed while Senate is not in session are not paid until they are approved by Senate.

Question 17

White House Chief of Staff

Answer 17

• Assistant to the President who heads teh White House Office.
• The president’s chief of staff typically provides the link between the President and Congress, the press, memebers of teh Cabinet, and other high-level administrators
• although president carries the legal responsibility for all decisions made in the executive branch, most presidents have delegated much of their decision power to their chiefs of staff

Question 18

Ex parte Grossman

Answer 18

• upheld a pardon granted by the President to Grossman, who had been convicted of contempt of court.
• extended the Presidents pardoning power to all federal cases regardless of which brach of government is involved.
• only conviction of a public official through impeachment proceedings is beyond the President’s pardoning power.

Question 19

Unites States v. Nixon

Answer 19

held that the Presidents claim of executive privilege to preserve the confidentiality of his conversations with members of his staff or others cannot justify withholding of information bearing on a pending criminal trial.

Question 20

Bureaucracy

Answer 20

any administrative system, especially of governmental agencies, that carries out policy on a day-to-day basis, uses standardized procedures, has a hieracrchy, and is based on a specialiazation of duties.

Question 21

Civil Service

Answer 21

• collective term for most persons employed by government who are not members of the military services.
• more generally understood to apply to all those who gain governmental employment through a merit system
• Elective officials, high-ranking policy-making officers who are appointed by elected officials, and member of the judiciary are not considered civil servants

Question 22

Merit System

Answer 22

Selection, retention, and promotion of government employees on the basis of ability, knowledge, and skills after fair and open competition.

Question 23

United Public Workers v. Mitchell

Answer 23

ruled that congress may prohibit federal employees from participating in political activites

Question 24

Civil Service Reform Act of 1978

Answer 24

• major reform of civil service system that abolished the Civil Service Commission and divided its main fuctions between the Office of Personanel Management (OPM) and the Merit System Protection Board (MSPB)
  
  • OPM-administers teh civil service employment rules
  • MSPB-adjudicates alleged violations of lawful personnel pracices
• emphasis on imporving the public service by increasing management flexibility, rewarding efficience, fixing accountablitity for agency performance, and encouraging the exposure of fraud, abuse, and corruption