unit 3 - periodic properties

Question 1

wavelength

Answer 1

distance between two peaks or troughs in a wave

Question 1

waves

Answer 1

oscillation of a property over time or space; can transport energy from one point to another

Question 2

frequency

Answer 2

number of wave cycles that pass a specified point in space per unit time

Question 3

photoelectric effect

Answer 3

when light shines on a metal, electrons are ejected from the surface of the metal

Question 4

photon

Answer 4

particle of light

Question 5

line spectra

Answer 5

electromagnetic radiation emitted at discrete wavelengths by a specific atom in the excited state

Question 6

Bohr model

Answer 6

each electron moves around the nucleus in circular orbits, each with a specific radius

Question 7

heisenberg uncertainty principle

Answer 7

rule stating that it is impossible to determine both the momentum and position of a particle at the same time;
the uncertainty principle is a consequence of quantum particles exhibiting wave-particle duality

Question 8

quantum number n

Answer 8

determines the size of the orbital;
must be equal to or greater than 1

Question 9

quantum number l

Answer 9

determines the shape of an orbital sublevel;
an s orbital is marked by l = 0;
must be any number from 0 - (n - 1)

Question 10

quantum number ml

Answer 10

defines the orientation of the orbital in space
can be any number from -L to L

Question 11

quantum number ms

Answer 11

spin number; determines the direction the electron spins
can be -1/2 or 1/2

Question 12

degenerate orbitals

Answer 12

orbitals that have the same energy (n)

Question 13

pauli exclusion principle

Answer 13

no two electrons will ever have the same four quantum numbers

Question 14

electron configuration

Answer 14

listing that identifies the electron occupancy of an atom’s shells and subshells

Question 15

ground state

Answer 15

state in which the electrons in an atom, ion or molecule have the lowest energy level possible

Question 16

excited state

Answer 16

state in which electrons have gained some energy and possess more energy than in the ground state

Question 17

periodic table

Answer 17

a chart where elements are sorted by their atomic number

Question 18

metals

Answer 18

element that is shiny, malleable and conducts heat and electricity

Question 19

metalloid

Answer 19

element that possesses some properties of metals and some properties of nonmetals

Question 20

nonmetals

Answer 20

element that appears dull and conducts heat and electricity poorly

Question 21

main groups

Answer 21

elements in groups 1-3 and 13-18

Question 22

transition metals

Answer 22

elements in groups 3-12

Question 23

inner transition metals

Answer 23

elements on the bottom rows of the periodic table;

Question 24

valence electrons

Answer 24

the outermost electrons of an atom

Question 25

hund’s rule

Answer 25

every orbital in a subshell is occupied with one electron before any orbitals can be doubly occupied. all electrons in singly occupied orbitals have the same spin number / ms

Question 26

E = hv = (hc/λ)

Answer 26

Energy of a photon / radiation, where
- λ is in m
- h = (6.626 x 10^-34)

Question 27

c = λv

Answer 27

speed of light relating to wavelength and frequency

Question 28

1/λ = k(1/nf^2 - 1/ni^2)

Answer 28

used to find wavelengths of light emitted by hydrogen atoms

Question 29

E = (-kZ^2) / n^2

Answer 29

energy of an orbit in a hydrogen atom

Question 30

hc/λ = k(1/nf^2 - 1/ni^2) = ^E

Answer 30

An alternative expression for energy absorbed/emitted upon moving orbits

Question 31

covalent radius

Answer 31

1/2 the distance between the nuclei of two identical atoms when they are joined by a covalent bond

Question 32

ionization energy

Answer 32

energy required to remove an electron from a gaseous atom or ion

Question 33

effective nuclear charge

Answer 33

charge that leads to the coulomb force exerted by the nucleus on an electron;
nuclear charge - shielding;
increases across a period, decreases down a group

Question 34

shielding

Answer 34

the probability of another electron being between the electron of interest and the nucleus