ch 7 - stoichiometry of chemical reactions

Question 1

chemical equation

Answer 1

symbolic representation of a chemical reaction

Question 2

precipitation reaction

Answer 2

double displacement;
forms two new compounds, one or both of which may be insoluble

Question 3

acid-base reactions

Answer 3

reaction involving the transfer of a hydrogen ion between reactant species

Question 4

oxidation-reduction reactions

Answer 4

reaction involving a change in oxidation number for one or more reactant elements

Question 5

stoichiometry

Answer 5

relationships between amounts of reactants and products of a chemical reaction

Question 6

reaction yield

Answer 6

amount of product formed in a reaction

Question 7

theoretical yield

Answer 7

amount of product that may be produced from a given amount of reactants according to the reaction stoichiometry

Question 8

% yield

Answer 8

measure of the efficiency of a reaction, expressed as a percentage of the theoretical yield

Question 9

ionic equations

Answer 9

chemical equation in which all dissolved ionic reactants and products, including spectator ions, are explicitly represented by formulas for their dissociated ions

Question 10

net ionic equation

Answer 10

dissolved ionic compounds are broken into their ingredients, forms and charges;
1. excludes ions that stay dissolved / the state of which does not change;
2. excludes ions that aren’t changed by the process;

Question 11

solubility

Answer 11

the extent to which a substance may be dissolved in a solvent

Question 12

strong acid

Answer 12

acid that reacts completely when dissolved in water to yield hydronium ions

Question 13

strong base

Answer 13

base that reacts completely when dissolved in water to yield hydroxide ions;
must be both an ionic compound and soluble in water;
Contains a metal from group 1 or 2:
LiOH, NaOH, KOH, RbOH, CsOH, Ca(OH)2, Sr(OH)2, Ba(OH)2

Question 14

weak acid

Answer 14

acid that only reacts slightly to release hydronium ions

Question 15

weak base

Answer 15

base that only reacts slightly to release hydroxide ions

Question 16

neutralization reactions

Answer 16

reaction between an acid and a base that produces salt and water

Question 17

oxidization

Answer 17

process in which an element’s oxidation number is increased by a loss of electrons

Question 18

reduction

Answer 18

process in which an element’s oxidation number is decreased by gain of electrons

Question 19

oxidizing agent

Answer 19

substance that brings about the oxidation of another substance, becoming reduced in the process

Question 20

reducing agent

Answer 20

substance that brings about the reduction of another substance, and in the process becomes oxidized

Question 21

oxidation number

Answer 21

the charge each atom of an element would have in a compound if the compound were ionic

Question 22

quantitative analysis

Answer 22

the determination of the amount or concentration of a substance in a sample

Question 23

titration analysis

Answer 23

quantitative chemical analysis method that involves measuring the volume of a reactant solution

Question 24

standardized solution

Answer 24

a solution with a known molarity

Question 25

titrant

Answer 25

solution containing a known concentration of a substance that will react with the analyte in a titration analysis

Question 26

analyte

Answer 26

chemical species of interest

Question 27

equivalence point

Answer 27

volume of titrant solution required to react completely with the analyte in a titration analysis

Question 28

indicators

Answer 28

substance added to the sample in a titration analysis to permit visual detection of the end point

Question 29

gravimetric analysis

Answer 29

quantitative chemical analysis method involving the separation of an analyte from a sample by a physical or chemical process and subsequent mass measurements of the analyte, reaction product, or sample

Question 30

combustion analysis

Answer 30

gravimetric technique used to determine the elemental composition of a compound via the collection and weighing of its gaseous combustion products

Question 31

end point

Answer 31

measured volume of titrant solution that yields the change in sample solution appearance or other property expected for stoichiometric equivalence

Question 32

gas laws combined

Answer 32

PV = nRT

Question 33

R =

Answer 33

0.0821 L atm / mol K 8.314 L kPa / mol K

Question 34

total pressure =

Answer 34

P of A + P of B + ...

Question 35

partial pressure =

Answer 35

mole factor * total pressure

Question 36

mole factor =

Answer 36

moles of component / total moles

Question 37

rate of diffusion =

Answer 37

amount / time

Question 38

the oxidation number of any atom in an elemental substance

Answer 38

is zero.

Question 39

the oxidation number of a monatomic ion

Answer 39

equals the charge on that ion.

Question 40

synthesis

Answer 40

two compounds react to form a new one

Question 41

combustion reaction

Answer 41

O2 reacts with an alcohol to form H2O and CO2, or other gas

Question 42

elemental state

Answer 42

existing as an uncombined chemical element

Question 43

the oxidation number of any atom in an elemental substance

Answer 43

is zero.

Question 44

Oxygen oxidation

Answer 44

-2, except for in peroxides

Question 45

Hydrogen oxidation

Answer 45

+1, except for in hydrides