Unit 3: Pathophysiology of Hypertension

Question 1

The 5 pathophysiology of hypertension are…

Answer 1

1) Increased oxidative stress in the vasculature
2) Inflammation of the vasculature
3) Autoimmune dysfunction of the blood vessel
4) Abnormal vascular biology with ED and abnormal vascular smooth muscle (VSM) dysfunction
5) Genetics and epigenetics

Question 2

What is AT1R and what does it do?

Answer 2

Angiotensin type 1 receptor, which is a protein that regulates blood pressure and salt balance

Question 3

What is AT2R and what does it do?

Answer 3

Angiotensin II type 2 receptor. AT2R is responsible for vasodilation, anti-inflammation, wound healing, natriuresis (excretion of sodium in the urine) and protects against oxidative stress

Question 4

Increased inflammation and CRP (C Reactive Protein) levels leads to increase in…

Answer 4

Blood pressure

Question 5

How long does it take CRP to increase BP?

Answer 5

A few days

Question 6

What amount of increase in CRP raises BP?

Answer 6

3 ug/ml

Question 7

How does CRP leads to reduction of Nitric Oxide (NO)?

Answer 7

By inhibiting eNOS (Endothelial nitric oxide synthase), which is an enzyme that produces NO

Question 8

CRP downregulates X which leads to increase in BP and CVD risk. What is X?

Answer 8

AT2R