Unit 1: Introduction to Hypertension Flashcards
Is Hypertension a Disease?
No. It’s a marker of disease.
Hypertension is a marker for which 2 types of dysfunctions?
1) Vascular Dysfunction
2) Endothelial Dysfunction (ED)
How long can ED precedes Hypertension?
2 to 3 decades earlier
What 3 factors leads to Hypertension?
1) Environment
2) Genes
3) Gene and Environment interactions
In 2012, what was Hypertension’s rank as a cause of CVD (Cardio-vascular disease)?
Number 1
CVD was the X highest cause of death in Malaysia since 2012. What’s X?
Second
Untreated high blood pressure leads to 2 main heart diseases. What are they?
1) Atherosceloris (artery plaque)
2) Congestive heart failure (due to enlarged heart)
The 5 types of damages caused by high blood pressure are:
1) Stroke
2) Blindness
3) Heart attack
4) Heart failure
5) Kidney failure
Cardiometabolic syndrome consists of what 6 symptoms?
1) Abdominal obesity
2) Pro-thrombotic state (blood clots or thrombosis in the artery)
3) Atherogenic dyslipidemia (High Tg and LDL, low HDL)
4) Elevated blood pressure
5) Insulin resistance
6) Pro-inflammatory state
What are the 2 types of Hypertension Risk Assessment?
1) Framingham Risk Score
2) Reynolds Risk Score
Both Framingham and Reynolds Risk Score look at 6 markers, with Reynolds adding 2 additional ones. What are the 6 markers?
1) Age
2) Blood pressure
3) Diabetes
4) Smoking
5) Total cholesterol
6) HDL cholesterol
What the additional 2 markers examined under the Reynolds Risk Score?
1) hsCRP
2) Parental history of MI (Myocardial infarction)
What is hsCRP?
High-sensitivity C-reactive protein
What is MI (Myocardial Infarction)?
Tissue death (infarction) of the heart muscle (myocardium) caused by ischemia, the lack of oxygen delivery to myocardial tissue.
Risk for CVD starts at what blood pressure level?
110/70 mmHG
Before age 50, which part of blood pressure reading predicts risk best? DBP or SBP?
DBP (Diastolic Blood Pressure) aka bottom reading
What type of BP reading is more accurate than office BP?
24 hour ABM (24-hour Ambulatory Blood Pressure Monitoring (ABPM) is a test that measures your blood pressure at regular intervals over a 24-hour period while you go about your normal daily activities.)
What is BP Load?
The proportion of times that the BP exceeds normal values of the total number of recorded BP measurements during a certain period of time.
BP load over 140/90 should not exceed how many %?
15%
