Unit 3 Part 2: Central Dogma

Question 1

Nitrogenous base of Adenine & Guanine

Answer 1

Purine

Question 2

Nitrogenous base of Thymine, Uracil & Cytosine

Answer 2

Pyrimidine

Question 3

Sugar component of DNA & RNA

Answer 3

DNA: Deoxyribose
RNA: Ribose

Question 4

Pentose Sugar + Nitrogenous Base

Answer 4

Nucleoside

Question 5

Phosphate Group + Pentose Sugar + Nitrogenous Base

Answer 5

Nucleotide

Question 6

Demonstrated how the three 3 components are physically assembled to form DNA

Answer 6

Watson & Crick

Question 7

DNA is like a twisted ladder with chemical bonds as its rungs

Answer 7

Double Helix Model

Question 8

Nucleotides are joined to form a polynucleotide chain

Answer 8

Phosphodiester bond

Question 9

Covalent bond that links adjacent nucleotides

Answer 9

Phosphodiester Bond

Question 10

T/F: In phosphodiester bond, 3’-phosphate group of the new nucleotide is linked to the free 5’ OH group of the existing nucleotide

Answer 10

F; 5’-phosphate group, 3’ -OH group

Question 11

Orientation of the phosphodiester bond linkages that continue throughout the chain

Answer 11

5’-3’-5’-3’

Question 12

How many hydrogen bonds of A & T/U and G & C

Answer 12

A = T/U
G☰C

Question 13

T/F: G☰C bonds are stronger than A=T bonds since they have three hydrogen bonds

Answer 13

T

Question 14

Important for the attachment of DNA binding proteins involved in replication and transcription

Answer 14

Major & minor grooves

Question 15

distance between two DNA structure

Answer 15

minor groove

Question 16

space between one strand to another

Answer 16

major groove

Question 17

Important in duplicating the DNA so that there will be sister chromatids at anaphase stage and at the end of cytokinesis, each daughter cell would have the genetic material.

Answer 17

Replication

Question 18

DNA Replication is described as

Answer 18

semiconservative

Question 19

T/F: DNA Replication as semiconservative:

○ Parental DNA strand separates into two
○ Each separated strand serve as template for
the synthesis of a complementary strand
○ Therefore, each double stranded daughter
DNA molecule, will have one template strand (from parent strand) and a newly synthesized strand

Answer 19

T

Question 20

Major steps of DNA Replication

Answer 20

1. Unwinding of the double stranded DNA
2. DNA Synthesis
3. Rewinding of the double helix

Question 21

unwinds the two DNA strands at the replication fork

Answer 21

Helicase

Question 22

stabilize ssDNA as it forms so it will not anneal to reform the double helix

Answer 22

Single-strand DNA binding proteins (SSB )

Question 23

releases the tension (positive supercoils) ahead of the replication fork caused by the unwinding of the DNA helix

Answer 23

DNA gyrase