Unit 3 Part 1 (up to Slide 36) Flashcards
Milieu therapy
Provides a structured environment in order to affect behavioral changes, and to improve the psychological health and function of the individual
-helps to create a therapeutic community where individuals have opportunities for psychological growth 
Traditional Nuclear family
Married
Mother, father, and children
Nuclear family
Unmarried
Mother, father, children
Characteristics of a healthy family
Everyone feels valued, respected, safe, and important.
Respects boundaries
Have defined traditional roles for parents and children
Open communication
Dysfunctional family
Members do not respect one another
Unstable and unsafe
Strict rules, provides negative feedback, and is openly hostile
Boundaries not respected
No defined roles, blurred roles and expectations (enmeshed)
Caretaker (Martyr/Enabler)
Tries to keep everyone happy by not actually dealing with problems and taking all the blame onto themselves
-Cover up leads to unhealthy coping mechanisms and struggles with anxiety and depression by not dealing with core issues
Hero
Always right and perfect. Receives high amount of praise and positive attention in the family
- The hero has to live up to these expectations and often feels like they cannot make their own decisions
-Extreme pressure to be successful can lead to anxiety and depression 
Scapegoat
“Black Sheep”
Always seen as a problem and never good enough. Receives high amount of negative attention and more discipline.
-often impulsive and angry, feels shame, and like a failure that has a little motivation to succeed.
-needs to stop the “splitting” thinking that they are all bad
Lost Child
Child, that is ignored quiet, and feels invisible typically have a low sense of self identity, and not push to succeed.
-feels alone and misunderstood. May have learning disabilities, depression, and issues with self harm.
-they need to learn that they have value and connect with others. Often successful in life
Clown (Mascot)
Popular with other kids, but not always adults. Uses humor to cover up depression in mask serious issues in the family.
-tends to be a follower and needs to learn assertiveness techniques and take them self seriously
The Addict (Patient)
Takes on addict/sick role in the family. The family rallies around them which distracts a family from other issues.
-The addict resist treatment in order to keep the family together until they get angry that they are the only ones that everyone thinks needs “help”
Placater
One member of the family tries to sooth, someone who is angry or upset by making concessions.
-also exhibit enabling and co-enabler
- EX: a mother buys her child, a new toy when they throw a tantrum in the toy store to get the child to stop crying
Goal of Family therapy
The goals are to define and clarify relationships among and between family members and develop 1:1 relationships over “triangles “which are unhealthy emotional systems, and to encourage members to be seen as individuals rather than establish family roles and histories
Psychodynamic psychotherapy
Developed by Freud
Requires the client to access less of conscious thoughts, but more of unconscious, thoughts and feelings that have been deeply buried and are more difficult to access 
-attempts to uncover defense mechanisms that the client has used to protect her ego
-often uses free association, dream, analysis, interpretation, and role-playing between therapist and client
Cognitive therapy
Modifies distorted thoughts
Goal is to monitor negative automatic thoughts, and recognize connections between thoughts, affect, and behavior 
Arbitrary inference ( Distorted thoughts)
“Jumping to conclusions”
When we conclude without having all the facts, and sometimes despite contradictory evidence to support it 
Overgeneralization ( Distorted thoughts)
Make sweeping conclusions based on incidents
Dichotomous thinking ( Distorted thoughts)
“ All or nothing” type of thinking. No grey area
Selective abstraction ( Distorted thoughts)
Only choose a selected portion of evidence on which to base your conclusion (usually focus on failure rather than success)
Magnification ( Distorted thoughts)
Exaggerating, the negative significance of an event 
Minimization ( Distorted thoughts)
Under evaluating the positive significance of an event 
Catastrophic thinking ( Distorted thoughts)
Always thinking the worst will occur (careful of self- fulfilling prophecy)
Personalization ( Distorted thoughts)
Person takes responsibility for outcomes, regardless of circumstances.
Didactic learning (Cognitive therapy)
Teach client how to become their own therapist
Cognitive techniques (Cognitive therapy)
Ways to modify automatic thoughts
Behavioral interventions (Cognitive therapy)
To modify maladaptive cognitions and behaviors from them
Socratic questioning
Self reflection after posing question
Decatastrophizing
Examine the validity of catastrophic thought
Time keeping
Keeping a daily record of dysfunctional thoughts
Cognitive rehearsal
For future situations and how might one handle them
Behavior therapy
Form of psychotherapy where the goal is to modify maladaptive behavior patterns by reinforcing adaptive behaviors
Classical behavior
Has its roots in classical stimulus (salivating dogs) and operant stimulus (positive and negative reinforcement) and aversive stimulants (punishments)
Shaping (Behavioral therapy)
Small reinforcements are given to eventually get the behavior the you are seeking
Modeling (Behavioral therapy)
Learning new behaviors by imitating others
“Monkey see, monkey do”
Premack principle (Behavioral therapy)
Positive reinforcement can only occur after you’ve done something
-EX: Penny can you can go to the movie after she does her chores 
Extinction (Behavioral therapy)
Negative behaviors disappear, when no reinforcement is given
-EX: ignore a child having a temper tantrum
Behavioral contract (Behavioral therapy)
Used frequently
Draw up a contract with the behavioral change you want, explicitly stated in writing, along with reinforcers and punishers 
Token economy (Behavioral therapy)
Concrete form of contingency contracting, using “tokens “as immediate feedback tool
-tokens can be exchanged for rewards, but should not be seized for negative behaviors
Time out (Behavioral therapy)
Aversive stimulus or punishment where unacceptable behavior leads to being isolated and removed from the group
- 1 minute per year of age.
Reciprocal inhibition (Behavioral therapy)
Replace the unacceptable behavior with one that is more acceptable
-Ex: give a dog a treat to chew on, and take away shoe 
Overt sensitization (Behavioral therapy)
Aversion therapy that causes unpleasant consequences for undesirable behavior
Covert sensitization (Behavioral therapy)
Client learns to think unpleasant thoughts and consequences of a behavior to prevent them from doing it 
Systematic desensitization (Behavioral therapy)
Slowly expose someone with a phobia to anxiety provoking events until they overcome their fears 
Flooding (Behavioral therapy)
Inclusive therapy that provides a mental image of a phobia until the person is desensitized
-need to be certain the client does not have underlying pathology that could lead to more problems
Cognitive therapy assists with…
Getting people back to the things they usually enjoy
-Helps teach problem-solving techniques when things affect their lives negatively
-Helps them adjust their thinking so that they adapt to things that happened to them
-Helps them see problems as ways to grow, and become stronger and more productive
Dialectic behavior therapy
Information focuses on mindfulness, distress tolerance, interpersonal effectiveness, and emotional regulation.
-works well for patients with personality disorders or substance abuse disorders
Desensitization therapy
Individual is taught relaxation techniques, and then list their fears, phobias, traumas, obsessions, etc.
-therapist then gradually exposes them to real or imaginary versions of their fears
Therapeutic groups functions
Socialization, support, task completion, camaraderie, information, sharing, norming empowerment, and governance
Universality (Curative factor of groups)
Sharing problems so you know you’re not alone
Instillation of hope (Curative factor of groups)
The progress others make encourages hope in others
-encourages you to make progress due to other peoples progress
Imparting information (Curative factor of groups)
Shared advice in formal teaching lead to increased knowledge 
Altruism (Curative factor of groups)
Mutual sharing and concern leads to positive self growth or image 
Corrective recapitulation (Curative factor of groups)
Help resolve early family conflicts through group feedback, and exploration
Socializing techniques (Curative factor of groups)
Members learn how to interact, socially in a safe place 
Imitative behavior (Curative factor of groups)
Group members can model their behaviors on someone in the group 
Interpersonal learning (Curative factor of groups)
Members learn how others perceive them, and their behaviors in a safe place 
Group cohesiveness (Curative factor of groups)
Feeling that members are of value to each other 
Catharsis (Curative factor of groups)
Members can completely express themselves openly in a non-threatening atmosphere 
Existential factors (Curative factor of groups)
Group members learn to take responsibility for their lives and quality of their existence
Task roles in a group
Facilitator coordinator, arbitrator, notetaker, orientator, and Energizer 
Maintenance roles in a groups
Compromiser, encourager, follower, gatekeeper, and harmonizer 
Individual roles in a group
Aggressor, blocker, dominator, monopolizer, mute/silent member, recognition seeker, and seducer 
EMDR: Eye-movement desensitization and reprocessing
Helps access, distressing, thoughts and reduces arousal/negative beliefs, disturbing, images, nightmares, and hypervigilance
-uses lateral eye movements, hand tapping, and audio stimulation to access, traumatic memories, and force new associations with them 
Electroconvolsive therapy
Used for major depression, SI, mania, schizophrenia, and PTSD that is treatment resistant
-can cause headache and lead to memory loss that is permanent on very rare occasions
-usually leads to retrograde amnesia or anterograde amnesia for a few weeks
-prior to procedure give anticholinergic like atropine or scopolamine to reduce secretions and choking hazard 
Contraindications with electroconvulsive therapy 
Cardiac abnormalities
Seizure disorder
Pacemaker
Metal clips in the brain from prior surgery
Stroke or TPA
Fall in the last 6 months
Transcrainial magnetic therapy
Noninvasive procedure, that uses magnetic fields to stimulate nerves cells in the brain to improve symptoms of depression 
Deep brain stimulation
Implanting electrodes within certain areas of the brain
-help regulate abnormal impulses in the brain 
Major treatment for seasonal affective depression (SAD)
Light therapy
Generalized Anxiety Disorder (GAD)
Excessive anxiety or worrying occurring for at least six months about several events or activities with three out of six symptoms
-restlessness, fatigue, difficulty concentrating, irritability, muscle tension, and sleep disturbances, 
-tends to incapacitate the individual 
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)
Reoccurrence and persistent thoughts, urges, or images that are experienced as unwanted and cause marked anxiety or distress
-The individual attempts to ignore or suppress the thoughts, urges, or images through a thought, or action (compulsion)
-The obsessions and compulsions are taking up much of their days
Body dysmorphic disorder
Characterized by the exaggerated beliefs of the body is deformed or defective in someway
-usually a delusion and is common in anorexia nervosa
Hoarding
The persistent difficulty in discarding, or parting with possessions, regardless of actual value
-usually associated with inability to deal with any kind of loss
