Unit 1A

Question 1

Mental health

Answer 1

A state of well-being in which the individual realizes his or her own abilities, can cope with normal stresses of life, can work productively and faithfully, and is able to make a contribution to his or her community

Question 2

Mental health traits

Answer 2

Appropriate perception of reality
Ability to adapt to change
Ability to problem solve
At an appropriate developmental level for age
Find pleasure from activities
Have hope, goals, and dreams

Question 3

Mental illness

Answer 3

Thoughts, feelings, and behaviors that are incongruent to local and social norms
Can be a maladaptive response to stressors

Question 4

Mental illness traits

Answer 4

Lack of energy or inner drive
Cannot enjoy anything
Feeling anxious/depressed/worried every day
Emotional outburst/dysregulation
Sleeping too much or too little
Becoming withdrawn and not socializing
Changes in appetite

Question 5

What does the DSM-5 do?

Answer 5

Helps to diagnose mental health disorders
Identifies and list diagnostic criteria for mental health illnesses
Does not include psychiatric medications

Question 6

What did the Americans with disabilities act of 1990 ensure?

Answer 6

It ensured rights for people with disabilities including mental health disorders or illnesses

Question 7

What defect in neurotransmission may cause anxiety?

Answer 7

Reduced activity of GABA and excess serotonin

Question 8

What defect in neurotransmission may cause autism?

Answer 8

May be due to excess serotonin

Question 9

What defect in neurotransmission may cause depression?

Answer 9

May be due to decreased dopamine and serotonin

Question 10

What defect in neurotransmission may cause mania?

Answer 10

Excess norepinephrine and dopamine
Low serotonin

Question 11

What defect in neurotransmission may cause Parkinson’s disease?

Answer 11

Loss of dopamine and acetylcholine

Question 12

What does the limbic system control?

Answer 12

Main regulator of emotions found in the frontal lobe

Question 13

Lack of restful sleep has been associated with what?

Answer 13

Psychosis

Question 14

Stress

Answer 14

A biological, physiological, social, or chemical factor that causes physical or emotional tension and may be a factor in the etiology in certain illnesses
Any “change“ causes stress

Question 15

Adaptive coping

Answer 15

“Good” coping
Remains optimistic, keeps a sense of humor, blocking bad thoughts, prioritizing restructuring, reaching out, support groups, and self-care

Question 16

Maladaptive coping

Answer 16

“Bad” coping
Excessive worrying about problems, procrastination, escaping, hopelessness, eating issues, deflection, self-harm, and avoidance

Question 17

Cognitive reframing

Answer 17

Change the negative into a positive

Question 18

Anxiety

Answer 18

A feeling of worry, unease, apprehension, typically about an event or something with an uncertain outcome that can manifest itself as compulsive behaviors
-Is linked to self preservation and stress
-all humans have developed coping mechanisms to deal with stress and manage anxiety

Question 19

Mild stage of anxiety 

Answer 19

You are able to identify the cause of what triggered the anxiety, mild discomfort, and fidgeting.
-The nurse can assist the patient through therapeutic communication and provide comfort while helping a client to solve the problem

Question 20

Moderate stage of anxiety

Answer 20

You can identify the cause of what triggered the anxiety, inattentive, can still problem solve, tired, poor concentration, shaking, increased heart rate and respirations, headaches, and insomnia.
-The nurse can provide direction, decreased stimuli, and give anti-anxiety medications.

Question 21

Severe stage of anxiety

Answer 21

Distorted perceptions, no longer able to problem solve, feeling of “impending doom “, sweating, tachycardia and hyperventilation, rapid speech, and cannot take direction from others.
-The nurse must stay with the client and decrease all stimuli while keeping the patient safe and providing medications such as lorazepam and beta blockers 

Question 22

Panic stage of anxiety

Answer 22

Markedly disturbed behavior from the norm, out of touch with self (depersonalization), out of touch with reality (derealization), extreme fright and hyperactivity, fight or flight is activated, delusions, hallucinations, and can become violent.
-nurse must stay with a client, do not leave them alone, focus on telling them they are safe and re-orienting them to reality
-give diazepam or clonazepam, beta blockers, SSRI’s, and SNRI’s.

Question 23

Necessary loss

Answer 23

Things you must give up in order to grow

Question 24

Actual loss

Answer 24

Tangible loss from death, job, divorce, destruction, physical ability, and mental ability

Question 25

Perceived loss

Answer 25

Thing that has felt like loss of confidence that others cannot feel

Question 26

Anticipatory loss

Answer 26

Preparatory distress felt prior to the actual loss

Question 27

Maturational loss

Answer 27

Expected due to developmental stages of life like leaving home and going to college

Question 28

Situational loss

Answer 28

Unanticipated loss caused by external events like loss of home in a tornado

Question 29

Grief

Answer 29

Deep sorrow
Intense emotional feelings that we suffer from in response to a perceived or real significant loss

Question 30

Mourning

Answer 30

A state of grief in which people can feel sad, guilty, angry, helpless, hopeless, and have despair

Question 31

Bereavement

Answer 31

Form of grief that is reserved for a loss from death

Question 32

Stages of grieving

Answer 32

DABDA
Denial
Anger
Bargaining
Depression
Acceptance

Question 33

Adaptive grief

Answer 33

“Normal”
Will go through DABDA
Somatic manifestations: Sleeping and eating difficulties, decreased energy, fatigue, palpitations, headaches
Psychological manifestations: Depressed, irritable anxious mood, withdrawn , blunted, and flat affect
Remain functional and show some acceptance by six months. Maintain hope and self-concept

Question 34

Maladaptive grief

Answer 34

“ Abnormal”
Does not go through the DABDA stages and gets stuck on denial or anger
Somatic manifestations: Similar to normal grief but exaggerated
Psychological manifestations: More severe including feelings of worthlessness, experience low self-esteem, substance abuse, psychological distress, and clinical depression
unable to see past the event and still not at baseline function after 12 months

Question 35

Transference

Answer 35

When the patient unconsciously transfers or redirects feelings from someone in their past/current relationships onto the nurse

Question 36

Counter transference

Answer 36

When the nurse unconsciously transfers or redirects feelings about past experiences or people onto the patient

Question 37

Maslow hierarchy of needs

Answer 37

Question 38

Behavioral theory

Answer 38

Focused on actions rather than thoughts and feelings

Question 39

Cognitive theory

Answer 39

Explains how we interpret our daily lives and develop the insight to change when needed (how we adapt)

Question 40

Pre interaction stage of a nurse patient relationship

Answer 40

Review patient’s chart, examine self biases, and prepare milieu for patient care

Question 41

Orientation stage of nurse patient relationship

Answer 41

Establish trust, rapport, and respect
Establish a contract with patient dealing responsibilities of both parties as well as boundaries
Patient is more dependent on nurse

Question 42

Working stage of nurse patient relationship

Answer 42

Promote patient insight and perception of reality
Shift power from nurse to patient
Frequently reevaluate plan and changes needed

Question 43

Termination stage of nurse patient relationship

Answer 43

Discuss what the patient has accomplished and shared feelings about ending the relationship
Provided a plan for continuation of care with another provider if needed
Maintain professional boundaries
Patient is now independent

Question 44

Therapeutic Milieu

Answer 44

Therapeutic environment that provides safety, support, structure, allows client to input feelings, explores feelings, provides empathy, acknowledges everyone’s contributions, build self-worth and self-respect, encourages independence, handles conflict and confrontation in ways that do not harm and allow people to change and grow.

Question 45

Assertive communication

Answer 45

Ability to express positive and negative ideas and feelings in an open, honest, indirect way. It recognizes all parties and their points of view in a respectful way
- it involves compromise not winners and losers 

Question 46

Passive communication

Answer 46

Person considers only others needs, wants, and feelings
Does not stand up for themselves, their beliefs, their feelings or their needs
Often easily taken care of or dependent personality traits
- Extreme lack of confidence, insecurity conflict, subservient.
- Rarely prone to anger and less pushed too far

Question 47

Aggressive communication

Answer 47

Person considers only their needs, wants, and feelings
Ignores, bullies, criticizes, humiliate, dominates, controls, disrespects others and their ideas
-unwilling to compromise
- Can I have a bad mood changes, low tolerance threshold, outburst, yelling, and potential physical violence

Question 48

Passive aggressive communication

Answer 48

Incongruent behaviors
Appear passive but act out anger and subtle, indirect ways
Feelings of being powerless makes them resentful leading them to undermine the object of the resentments
- Typically have a hard time communicating their needs and often deny that there is an issue
- Can become aggressive when pushed too far