Unit 3 - Organizational Theories Flashcards
It is considered one of the major institutions that constitute society.
The school
It is where people of different ages learn and acquire education and training in different grade or year levels.
The school
According to Kashyap (n.d.), ever since the dawn of civilization, people have always formed _____ to combine efforts to accomplish their common goal.
organizations
Kashyap defines what as a group of persons formed to seek specific goals?
Organization
According to the article “Organization Theory” (n.d.), What is defined as an assembly of people working together to achieve common objectives through a division of labor?
Organization
McNamara (n.d.) also defined _____ as a group of people intentionally organized to accomplish an overall, common goal or set goals with major subsystems that function with other subsystems to achieve the _____’s overall goal.
organization; organization
An educational organization establishes a school with a clear what?
vision, mission goals, and objectives
The school’s what is a declaration of the school’s objectives that guides planning and decision-making.
VMGO
Several theories explain the organization’s structure, classified as _____ or _____ organizational theories, which deal with formal organizational concepts.
classical; modern
Frederick Winslow Taylor was the primary contributor to _____, which originated at the beginning of the 20th century, which industrial companies later adopted.
Scientific Management
Taylor’s work is based on planning to achieve efficiency, standardization, specialization, and simplification that promotes mutual trust between the management and workers to increase what?
productivity
Develop a science of each element of man’s work which replaced the old rule of thumb.
Science, rule of thumb
Scientifically select and then train, teach, and develop the workman, whereas, in the past, he chose his work and trained himself as he could.
Scientific selection
Heartily cooperate with the men to ensure all of the work being done is in accordance with the principles of science which as been developed.
Management and labor cooperation rather than conflict
Workers should be trained by experts using the scientific method.
Scientific training of the worker
Which approach is categorized as a bottom-up approach?
Taylor’s scientific approach
Which approach is considered a top-down approach?
Fayol’s administrative theory
This theory’s focus is on the administrative process rather than technical processes.
Administrative theory
Tasks are divided among employees according to their expertise or specialization.
Division of Work
The management has the authority to give orders to subordinates that come with a corresponding responsibility.
Authority and Responsibility
This is about the core values anchored on the vision and mission of an organization to form good conduct, which is essential to the organization successful operation.
Discipline
All orders received must come from one manager only otherwise, it will confuse employees.
Unity of Command
This ensures that all actions are properly coordinated and requires employees to perform and carry out activities as one team leading to the same objectives using one plan.
Unity of Direction
Prioritizes organization’s interest over personal interest, which applies to all organization members.
Subordinate of Individual Interest
This is about rewards and compensations for efforts made, which could be monetary or non-monetary, that keep employees motivated and productive.
Remuneration
Implies the concentration of decision-making authority at the top management.
The Degree of Centralization
This is about the hierarchical structure always present at any organization. There should be a clear line of authority from the top management down to the lowest level.
Scalar Chain
This pertains to the order and safety of employees to function properly at work.
Order
This implies equal treatment among members of the organization.
Equity
This is about the proper deployment and management of personnel by allowing employees to be considered for the tenured position based on their performance.
Stability of Tenure of Personnel
This allows employees to express ideas that will help benefit the company.
Initiative
This promotes unity among employees, develops workplace morale, and creates an atmosphere of mutual trust and understanding.
Esprit de Corps
This is based on historically created legitimacy where authority is hereditary and based on dependent subordinates.
Traditional authority
The bureaucratic type of authority, based on normative rules for career, hierarchy, etc.
Legal, rule-oriented authority
The personal authority based on a type of ‘seduction’ and hence, the devotion of supporters.
Charismatic authority
This is sometimes called the division of labor wherein individual tasks are divided into separate jobs which allows to manage tasks easily
Task specialization
Managers are organized into hierarchical layers, where each layer of management is responsible for its staff and overall performance.
Hierarchical of authority
All employees are selected based on technical skills and competencies, which have been acquired through training, education and experience and are paid accordingly.
Formal selection
Formal rules and requirements are required to ensure uniformity, so that employees know exactly what is expected of them.
Rules and requirements
Regulations and clear requirements created distant and impersonal relationships between employees, with the additional advantage of preventing nepotism or involvement from outsiders or politics.
Impersonal
Employees of a bureaucratic organization are selected on a basis of their expertise. This helps deploy the right people in the right positions and optimally utilize human capital.
Career orientation
