Unit 3 Oncology Voiceover Flashcards
What is the difference between benign and malignant tumors?
Benign tumors are not harmful and do not spread, while malignant tumors are harmful and can metastasize.
What does well differentiated mean in the context of tumors?
Well differentiated means the tumor cells resemble normal cells of the tissue from which the tumor originated.
What are characteristics of benign tumors?
Benign tumors are encapsulated, do not infiltrate surrounding tissues, have slow growth, and generally do not cause death unless they interfere with vital functions.
What are characteristics of malignant tumors?
Malignant tumors are undifferentiated, can metastasize, grow uncontrollably, and can cause systemic effects like anemia and weight loss.
What is primary prevention of cancer?
Primary prevention involves avoiding carcinogens, modifying associated factors like diet, and removing adverse tissues.
What is secondary prevention of cancer?
Secondary prevention involves screenings such as mammograms, colonoscopies, and prostate exams to catch cancer early.
What does the acronym CAUTION US stand for in cancer warning signs?
C: Change in bowel and bladder habits, A: A sore that doesn’t heal, U: Unusual bleeding or discharge, T: Thickening or lump, I: Indigestion or difficulty swallowing, O: Obvious change in a wart or mole, N: Nagging cough or hoarseness, U: Unexplained anemia, S: Sudden unexplained weight loss.
How is cancer diagnosed?
Cancer is diagnosed through cytology, tissue biopsies, and bone marrow biopsies.
What is the purpose of staging cancer?
Staging provides a common language for healthcare providers and helps determine the prognosis and treatment options.
What does stage zero indicate in cancer staging?
Stage zero indicates that the cancer is in situ, meaning it has not spread from where it started.
What does G1 indicate in tumor grading?
G1 indicates a well differentiated tumor, making it easier to treat.
What are the types of cancer treatment?
The main types of cancer treatment are surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy.
What is the goal of control and debulking surgery?
The goal is to remove part of the tumor when complete removal is not possible.
What are the types of surgeries mentioned?
Control and debulking, curative, diagnostic, prophylaxis, palliation, and reconstructive.
What is debulking surgery?
Removal of part of the tumor when complete removal is not possible.
What is curative surgery?
Surgery aimed at curing the cancer by removing the tumor and possibly the organ attached to it.
What is diagnostic surgery?
Surgery performed to obtain a biopsy.
What is prophylactic surgery?
Surgery to remove potential tissues to prevent cancer.
What is palliative surgery?
Surgery aimed at relieving symptoms and improving quality of life, but not curative.
What is reconstructive surgery?
Surgery aimed at increasing function or enhancing appearance.
What is a major nursing priority for surgical patients post-op?
Pain control and management.
What should be avoided on the day of radiation treatment?
Deodorants and lotions.
What is external beam radiation?
A method where a beam of radiation is directed at specific areas to destroy tumors.
What is brachytherapy?
A treatment where permanent or temporary implants give off radiation over time.
