Unit 3 Migration Flashcards
c1700 - c1900
1
Q
how many African people were in Britain at the beginning of the 18th century?
A
500
2
Q
what was the somerset case?
A
- james somerset escapes slavery in london
- he is recaptured and imprisoned on a ship
- the community he joined during his freedom defended him
- he was freed from the ship and his case was brought before a Chief Justice
- the ruling given said that somerset was held illegally because slavery was not recognised
3
Q
how did the somerset case change treatment towards black people?
A
- the ruling gave some protection to black people if they were in england
- brought the issue of slavery to the forefront of political discussion
4
Q
how many french refugees migrated to england by 1792?
A
40,000
5
Q
why did the french refugees migrate to england?
A
- rebels from the french revolution overturned the traditional authorities
- aristocrats and churchmen felt their lives were in danger
- migrated to england because of its reputation for tolerance and political stability
6
Q
when was the first aliens act?
A
1793
7
Q
what was the aliens act?
A
- designed to control the entry of foreigners into britain
- immigrants now had to prove why they wanted to enter the country
8
Q
what was the acts of union?
A
- an act in 1800 to join ireland fully with great britain
9
Q
why did the acts of union lead to a large flow of migration?
A
- it allowed irish people to travel to and live freely in britain
10
Q
what were the catholics not allowed to do before the papists act?
A
- legally own land
- join the army
- marry protestants
11
Q
why did the new irish migrants not have a good experience in england?
A
- they were catholic
12
Q
what was the catholic emancipation act?
A
- allowed catholics to finally vote, irish catholics were able to take part in british political life
13
Q
why did the industrial revolution increase migration to england?
A
- new industrial areas needed workers
- attracted migrants from within britain and overseas
- internal migration from rural to urban
14
Q
when was the catholic emancipation act?
A
1829
15
Q
what new jobs were provided due to the industrial revolution?
A
- cotton and woollen textiles
- coal mining
- iron and steel production
16
Q
what did britain’s population grow to from 1800 to 1900?
A
15 million to 40 million
17
Q
where was the highest rates of population growth
A
- british cities with industrial centres like, liverpool, manchester, birmingham and london
18
Q
why was liverpool one of the most prosperous cities of britain?
A
- a lot of its wealth came from the transatlantic slave trade
- after the abolition (1807), other trades developed and attracted thousands of immigrants
19
Q
who helped construct british railways?
A
- irish migrants (navvies)
20
Q
why was there a mass irish migration in the 1840s?
A
- a serious potato famine led to millions dying and millions more migrating
- many wanted to go to the US but could not afford to go any further
21
Q
what did liverpool’s population grow to from 1801 to 1841?
A
80,000 to 350,000
22
Q
what was liverpool the leading centre for?
A
- soap production made from imported palm oil from west africa
23
Q
why did west african sailors working for white traders settle in england?
A
- the pay for sailors leaving from britain was much greater than it was from west africa
24
Q
name two well known irishmen
A
- richard sheil, a catholic liberal on the city council, active in politics
- robert cain, opened his own brewery and soon owned over 200 pubs in liverpool, one of britain’s richest men
25
why did the british empire grow in asia?
- trade in tea, spices and cloth by the east india company
- profits and taxes were used for military and naval expansion which gave britain an advantage
- the company expanded from trading to ruling indian territories
26
what led to conflict between britain and china?
- tea was essential in britain
- this tea was imported from china but the chinese only accepted silver in exchange for tea
- to overcome this trade imbalance, british merchants sold opium illegally
- the chinese government seized this opium and demanded britain to stop
- in return, britain sent a fleet of warships and, in 1842, forced china to sign a treaty
- the treaty forced china to hand over hong kong
27
why did chinese immigration occur?
- a result of growing trade and the establishment of steamship routes
- chinese sailors settled in port cities
28
how did the chinese settle?
- little difficulty finding work
- many went into business and opened small shops, restaurants and laundries
29
how did british people treat the chinese migrants?
- widespread prejudice prevented them from any respectable jobs
- popular literature depicted them negatively, claiming the areas they settled in were home to opium dens and violence
30
when did the suez canal open?
1869
31
what did the opening of the suez canal lead to?
- cut the travel time in half from britain to india
- more ships making the journey
32
why did the lascars choose to stay in british ports?
- poor conditions on board the merchant ships to return home
- others had no choice, it was not always possible to find ships to take them back
33
name the people who impacted science
- the herschels, william and caroline
- william discovers uranus
- caroline found 8 comets
- king's court astronomers
- german
34
name a person who impacted music in britain
- george frideric handel
- composed the anthem for the King's coronation
- french
35
how did german business flourish in britain?
- sugar bakers refined raw sugar into white sugar loaves, by 1750 there were about 80 german refineries in london
- a german migrant renanmed Paul Julius Reuter sets up a successful news agency
36
how did wealthy londoners plan to reduce the number of black people in London?
- a plan was made to establish a new colony in west africa called sierra leone
- the colony was permanently established in 1792
37
who was ignatius sancho?
- an escaped slave who began to compose music
- first African to vote in a British general election
38
name three influential immigrants from sierra leone
- samuel ajayi crowther, first black bishop of west africa
- christian frederick cole, first black student in Oxford
- samuel coleridge-taylor, youngest attendee at the first Pan-African Conference which campaigned against racism
39
what and when was the murphy riot?
- birmingham 1867
- a crowd of irishmen attempt to silence william murphy, an anti-catholic protester
- police side with murphy's supporters
- murphy's supporters rampage on, damaging all the houses
40
what was the aftermath of the murphy riot?
- catholic leaders appealed to the national government
- murphy continued his lecturing
- in 1871, he was badly beaten up by a group of irish labourers
- he died a year later
41
name an influential parsi immigrant
- dadabhai naoroji
- trader who migrated from bombay
- soon entered politics and was chosen as a liberal party candidate
- supported other indian immigrants
42
who was cornelia sorabji
- one of the first women graduates of bombay university
- first woman to take a law exam at somerville college, oxford
- returned to india to serve the people
- died in north london, in 1954
43
what led to one of the greatest human migrations of the Jews
- persecution from russia in the late 19th century
44
what jobs did the east end jewish immigrants work in
- tailoring
- cabinet making
- matchstick factories
45
give three examples of support for jewish migrants
- the jews free school, started in 1732, prepared children to assimilate, over 4000 children attending
- the jewish lads' brigade, founded in 1895, aimed to instill british values in jewish boys
- the russian vapour baths, for the exclusive use of the jewish communities
46
what was the 1905 aliens act
- introduced categories of migrants who could be refused entry into britain
- response to increasing hostility towards jewish migrants
47
how many jewish migrants set off to migrate to the US
around 2.5 million
