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Paper 1 History - Migrants in Britain (Edexcel) > Unit 3 Migration > Flashcards

Unit 3 Migration Flashcards

c1700 - c1900

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1
Q

how many African people were in Britain at the beginning of the 18th century?

A

500

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2
Q

what was the somerset case?

A
  • james somerset escapes slavery in london
  • he is recaptured and imprisoned on a ship
  • the community he joined during his freedom defended him
  • he was freed from the ship and his case was brought before a Chief Justice
  • the ruling given said that somerset was held illegally because slavery was not recognised
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3
Q

how did the somerset case change treatment towards black people?

A
  • the ruling gave some protection to black people if they were in england
  • brought the issue of slavery to the forefront of political discussion
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4
Q

how many french refugees migrated to england by 1792?

A

40,000

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5
Q

why did the french refugees migrate to england?

A
  • rebels from the french revolution overturned the traditional authorities
  • aristocrats and churchmen felt their lives were in danger
  • migrated to england because of its reputation for tolerance and political stability
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6
Q

when was the first aliens act?

A

1793

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7
Q

what was the aliens act?

A
  • designed to control the entry of foreigners into britain
  • immigrants now had to prove why they wanted to enter the country
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8
Q

what was the acts of union?

A
  • an act in 1800 to join ireland fully with great britain
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9
Q

why did the acts of union lead to a large flow of migration?

A
  • it allowed irish people to travel to and live freely in britain
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10
Q

what were the catholics not allowed to do before the papists act?

A
  • legally own land
  • join the army
  • marry protestants
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11
Q

why did the new irish migrants not have a good experience in england?

A
  • they were catholic
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12
Q

what was the catholic emancipation act?

A
  • allowed catholics to finally vote, irish catholics were able to take part in british political life
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13
Q

why did the industrial revolution increase migration to england?

A
  • new industrial areas needed workers
  • attracted migrants from within britain and overseas
  • internal migration from rural to urban
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14
Q

when was the catholic emancipation act?

A

1829

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15
Q

what new jobs were provided due to the industrial revolution?

A
  • cotton and woollen textiles
  • coal mining
  • iron and steel production
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16
Q

what did britain’s population grow to from 1800 to 1900?

A

15 million to 40 million

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17
Q

where was the highest rates of population growth

A
  • british cities with industrial centres like, liverpool, manchester, birmingham and london
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18
Q

why was liverpool one of the most prosperous cities of britain?

A
  • a lot of its wealth came from the transatlantic slave trade
  • after the abolition (1807), other trades developed and attracted thousands of immigrants
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19
Q

who helped construct british railways?

A
  • irish migrants (navvies)
20
Q

why was there a mass irish migration in the 1840s?

A
  • a serious potato famine led to millions dying and millions more migrating
  • many wanted to go to the US but could not afford to go any further
21
Q

what did liverpool’s population grow to from 1801 to 1841?

A

80,000 to 350,000

22
Q

what was liverpool the leading centre for?

A
  • soap production made from imported palm oil from west africa
23
Q

why did west african sailors working for white traders settle in england?

A
  • the pay for sailors leaving from britain was much greater than it was from west africa
24
Q

name two well known irishmen

A
  • richard sheil, a catholic liberal on the city council, active in politics
  • robert cain, opened his own brewery and soon owned over 200 pubs in liverpool, one of britain’s richest men
25
Q

why did the british empire grow in asia?

A
  • trade in tea, spices and cloth by the east india company
  • profits and taxes were used for military and naval expansion which gave britain an advantage
  • the company expanded from trading to ruling indian territories
26
Q

what led to conflict between britain and china?

A
  • tea was essential in britain
  • this tea was imported from china but the chinese only accepted silver in exchange for tea
  • to overcome this trade imbalance, british merchants sold opium illegally
  • the chinese government seized this opium and demanded britain to stop
  • in return, britain sent a fleet of warships and, in 1842, forced china to sign a treaty
  • the treaty forced china to hand over hong kong
27
Q

why did chinese immigration occur?

A
  • a result of growing trade and the establishment of steamship routes
  • chinese sailors settled in port cities
28
Q

how did the chinese settle?

A
  • little difficulty finding work
  • many went into business and opened small shops, restaurants and laundries
29
Q

how did british people treat the chinese migrants?

A
  • widespread prejudice prevented them from any respectable jobs
  • popular literature depicted them negatively, claiming the areas they settled in were home to opium dens and violence
30
Q

when did the suez canal open?

A

1869

31
Q

what did the opening of the suez canal lead to?

A
  • cut the travel time in half from britain to india
  • more ships making the journey
32
Q

why did the lascars choose to stay in british ports?

A
  • poor conditions on board the merchant ships to return home
  • others had no choice, it was not always possible to find ships to take them back
33
Q

name the people who impacted science

A
  • the herschels, william and caroline
  • william discovers uranus
  • caroline found 8 comets
  • king’s court astronomers
  • german
34
Q

name a person who impacted music in britain

A
  • george frideric handel
  • composed the anthem for the King’s coronation
  • french
35
Q

how did german business flourish in britain?

A
  • sugar bakers refined raw sugar into white sugar loaves, by 1750 there were about 80 german refineries in london
  • a german migrant renanmed Paul Julius Reuter sets up a successful news agency
36
Q

how did wealthy londoners plan to reduce the number of black people in London?

A
  • a plan was made to establish a new colony in west africa called sierra leone
  • the colony was permanently established in 1792
37
Q

who was ignatius sancho?

A
  • an escaped slave who began to compose music
  • first African to vote in a British general election
38
Q

name three influential immigrants from sierra leone

A
  • samuel ajayi crowther, first black bishop of west africa
  • christian frederick cole, first black student in Oxford
  • samuel coleridge-taylor, youngest attendee at the first Pan-African Conference which campaigned against racism
39
Q

what and when was the murphy riot?

A
  • birmingham 1867
  • a crowd of irishmen attempt to silence william murphy, an anti-catholic protester
  • police side with murphy’s supporters
  • murphy’s supporters rampage on, damaging all the houses
40
Q

what was the aftermath of the murphy riot?

A
  • catholic leaders appealed to the national government
  • murphy continued his lecturing
  • in 1871, he was badly beaten up by a group of irish labourers
  • he died a year later
41
Q

name an influential parsi immigrant

A
  • dadabhai naoroji
  • trader who migrated from bombay
  • soon entered politics and was chosen as a liberal party candidate
  • supported other indian immigrants
42
Q

who was cornelia sorabji

A
  • one of the first women graduates of bombay university
  • first woman to take a law exam at somerville college, oxford
  • returned to india to serve the people
  • died in north london, in 1954
43
Q

what led to one of the greatest human migrations of the Jews

A
  • persecution from russia in the late 19th century
44
Q

what jobs did the east end jewish immigrants work in

A
  • tailoring
  • cabinet making
  • matchstick factories
45
Q

give three examples of support for jewish migrants

A
  • the jews free school, started in 1732, prepared children to assimilate, over 4000 children attending
  • the jewish lads’ brigade, founded in 1895, aimed to instill british values in jewish boys
  • the russian vapour baths, for the exclusive use of the jewish communities
46
Q

what was the 1905 aliens act

A
  • introduced categories of migrants who could be refused entry into britain
  • response to increasing hostility towards jewish migrants
47
Q

how many jewish migrants set off to migrate to the US

A

around 2.5 million

Paper 1 History - Migrants in Britain (Edexcel) (5 decks)

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