Unit 1 Migration

Question 1

What was the Danelaw?

Answer 1

area where the Vikings ruled

Question 2

When did the Viking capture England?

Answer 2

865

Question 3

Why did the Vikings want to invade England?

Answer 3

-wealthy monasteries
-easy target
-many ports
-fertile land

Question 4

How did the Vikings impact culture?

Answer 4

• changed the language (towns and villages have names that end with letters that have Scandivanian meanings -by, like Grimsby)
• club, ransack

Question 5

What is the modern name for the modern day Viking city, Jorvik?

Answer 5

York

Question 6

What was the impact of the Vikings on Jorvik?

Answer 6

• increased trade
• became a multicultural city
• hundreds of house, workshop, warehouses and wharves were built
• skilled migrants worked on many different trades e.g. blacksmith and glassmakers

Question 7

What is the evidence of trade in Jorvik?

Answer 7

• archaeological digs
• amber from Scandinavia
• reindeer antlers from the Arctic
• silks from Asia

Question 8

When did the Normans come to England?

Answer 8

1066

Question 9

why were motte and bailey castles built

Answer 9

• Anglo-Saxons built walls around tows and cities to defend them from possible ivaders
• When the Normans arrived, they built 65 castles between 1066 and 1100 (remind people of Norman power)

Question 10

What changes were made to England’s government?

Answer 10

• replacement of Saxon landowners with Normans (land owned by 4000 Saxons was seized by William and given to 200 bishops, nobles and monasteries)
• introduced the feudal system

Question 11

When and why did the Normans come to England?

Answer 11

• following the Battles of Hastings in 1066
• to take the throne

Question 11

why were stone castles built?

Answer 11

• Motte and bailey castles replaced with stone
• more resistant to attack
• important centres for administrtion and government (tax collectors and market traders)

Question 12

how did churches change during norman migration

Answer 12

• Anglo-Saxon churches were normally small and wooden
• Normans built larger, stone churches
• In large towns, like London, basilicas were made which could hold more people
• rounded arches and painted inside with religious art

Question 13

how did normans change culture

Answer 13

• Language (Norman French became the laguange of the government)
• May French words relating to government entered the language e.g. crown, authority and minister
• cooked meats became known by Norman names e.g. beef, mutton and venison

Question 14

how did the normans impact the economy

Answer 14

• new trade across the English channel e.g. exported wool, wine import from France

Question 14

Why did Jews come?

Answer 14

• William wanted them to provide him financial services as they did in the Norman capital
• funded building projects

Question 15

Impact of English fairs

Answer 15

• England becomes a prosperous trading centre
• from the 12th century, English rulers encouraged trade through charters, allowed annual fairs
• between 1200 and 1270 over 2,200 charters were issued (many foreign merchants)

Question 16

English wool trade - impact?

Answer 16

• sheep farming is the most profitable
• cloth makers from Flounders and Italy thought highly of English wool
• exports increased dramatically in late 13th century
• Cistercian monks became directly involved in sheep farming and wool production
• migrants from wales and Scotland worked on english sheep farms

Question 17

when was the height of wool trade?

Answer 17

• 1250 - 1350

Question 18

why did the flemish weavers migrate in 1351

Answer 18

• ruler of Flanders ordered expulsion of many citizens in Flemish towns
• because they sided with engand in the war with france
• king edward the third offered protection
• many flemish weavers migrated

Question 19

why were london guilds important

Answer 19

• prosperous economic environment
• attracted many merchants and craftsmen from other countries
• welcomed immigration to increase low population after the Black Death
• skilled labour was in high demand

Question 20

Archbishop of Canterbury in 1070?

Answer 20

Lan Franc

Question 21

‘Aliens’ in trade?

Answer 21

• frequent complaints from guilds about the ‘aliens’ who were competing for jobs in England
• some guilds recognised the value of immigrants, bought skills
• goldsmith guilds regularly admitted ‘alien’ craftsmen although one regulation said newly registered ‘alien’ craftsmen had to take on English born apprentices

Question 22

What was a monastery?

Answer 22

religious community who devoted themselves to the service of God

Question 23

Cluniac monasteries?

Answer 23

• William and Lan Franc recruited new monks from the Abbey of Cluny in France
• stricter

Question 24

1294 - Cluniac monasteries?

Answer 24

• established all over England
• ruling monarchs saw them as source of tax revenue
• 1294 - Edward the first temporarily seized all ‘alien’ priorities and took their income for an emergency war with France

Question 25

monastic immigrants: the Cistercians

Answer 25

• the first Cistercian abbey in England was found in 1128
• north of England was ideal because parts of Yorkshire were not recovered from the Harrying of the North

Question 26

Viking experience?

Answer 26

• relations good with Saxons
• led settled lives in the Danelaw
• set up their own markets, and shops
• some grew rich because of trade
• some fought on the boundary of the Danelaw
• relations worsened after 937, Danelaw under Saxon control
• 1016, King Cnut made it better

Question 27

Norman experience?

Answer 27

• regularly experienced hostility from Saxons because of the cruelty the Normans showed
• feudal system ensured they held positions of authority
• Saxons were forced to build castles, more resentment

Question 28

Flemish weavers experience?

Answer 28

• specialised skills were welcomed
• helped cloth trade increase and employment flourished

Question 29

Hansa merchants experience?

Answer 29

• from Germany
• given right to trade by Edward the first
• set up steel yard, directed and controlled trade with parts of Europe
• mid 1400s, Germans controlled most of English cloth industry

Question 30

Lombardy bankers experience?

Answer 30

• 1220, powerful Italian bankers working in London
• they did well, especially after expulsion of Jews in 1290

Question 31

Jewish migrants experience?

Answer 31

– monarchs ensured protection
- 1275, had to wear yellow arm band, meant they were forbidden from charging interest on loans
- became poor
- increasingly experienced Anti-Semitism because people resented paying interest
- interest rates were high to cover taxes Jews had to pay
- 1290 Jews are expelled from England by Edward the first

Question 32

York population under Vikings?

Answer 32

• before = 1000
• between 867 and 950 = 10,000-15,000