Unit 1 Migration Flashcards
c800 - c1100
1
Q
What was the Danelaw?
A
area where the Vikings ruled
2
Q
When did the Viking capture England?
A
865
3
Q
Why did the Vikings want to invade England?
A
-wealthy monasteries
-easy target
-many ports
-fertile land
4
Q
How did the Vikings impact culture?
A
- changed the language (towns and villages have names that end with letters that have Scandivanian meanings -by, like Grimsby)
- club, ransack
5
Q
What is the modern name for the modern day Viking city, Jorvik?
A
York
6
Q
What was the impact of the Vikings on Jorvik?
A
- increased trade
- became a multicultural city
- hundreds of house, workshop, warehouses and wharves were built
- skilled migrants worked on many different trades e.g. blacksmith and glassmakers
7
Q
What is the evidence of trade in Jorvik?
A
- archaeological digs
- amber from Scandinavia
- reindeer antlers from the Arctic
- silks from Asia
8
Q
When did the Normans come to England?
A
1066
9
Q
why were motte and bailey castles built
A
- Anglo-Saxons built walls around tows and cities to defend them from possible ivaders
- When the Normans arrived, they built 65 castles between 1066 and 1100 (remind people of Norman power)
10
Q
What changes were made to England’s government?
A
- replacement of Saxon landowners with Normans (land owned by 4000 Saxons was seized by William and given to 200 bishops, nobles and monasteries)
- introduced the feudal system
11
Q
When and why did the Normans come to England?
A
- following the Battles of Hastings in 1066
- to take the throne
11
Q
why were stone castles built?
A
- Motte and bailey castles replaced with stone
- more resistant to attack
- important centres for administrtion and government (tax collectors and market traders)
12
Q
how did churches change during norman migration
A
- Anglo-Saxon churches were normally small and wooden
- Normans built larger, stone churches
- In large towns, like London, basilicas were made which could hold more people
- rounded arches and painted inside with religious art
13
Q
how did normans change culture
A
- Language (Norman French became the laguange of the government)
- May French words relating to government entered the language e.g. crown, authority and minister
- cooked meats became known by Norman names e.g. beef, mutton and venison
14
Q
how did the normans impact the economy
A
- new trade across the English channel e.g. exported wool, wine import from France
14
Q
Why did Jews come?
A
- William wanted them to provide him financial services as they did in the Norman capital
- funded building projects
15
Q
Impact of English fairs
A
- England becomes a prosperous trading centre
- from the 12th century, English rulers encouraged trade through charters, allowed annual fairs
- between 1200 and 1270 over 2,200 charters were issued (many foreign merchants)
16
Q
English wool trade - impact?
A
- sheep farming is the most profitable
- cloth makers from Flounders and Italy thought highly of English wool
- exports increased dramatically in late 13th century
- Cistercian monks became directly involved in sheep farming and wool production
- migrants from wales and Scotland worked on english sheep farms
17
Q
when was the height of wool trade?
A
- 1250 - 1350
18
Q
why did the flemish weavers migrate in 1351
A
- ruler of Flanders ordered expulsion of many citizens in Flemish towns
- because they sided with engand in the war with france
- king edward the third offered protection
- many flemish weavers migrated
19
Q
why were london guilds important
A
- prosperous economic environment
- attracted many merchants and craftsmen from other countries
- welcomed immigration to increase low population after the Black Death
- skilled labour was in high demand
20
Q
Archbishop of Canterbury in 1070?
A
Lan Franc
21
Q
‘Aliens’ in trade?
A
- frequent complaints from guilds about the ‘aliens’ who were competing for jobs in England
- some guilds recognised the value of immigrants, bought skills
- goldsmith guilds regularly admitted ‘alien’ craftsmen although one regulation said newly registered ‘alien’ craftsmen had to take on English born apprentices
22
Q
What was a monastery?
A
religious community who devoted themselves to the service of God
23
Cluniac monasteries?
- William and Lan Franc recruited new monks from the Abbey of Cluny in France
- stricter
24
1294 - Cluniac monasteries?
- established all over England
- ruling monarchs saw them as source of tax revenue
- 1294 - Edward the first temporarily seized all 'alien' priorities and took their income for an emergency war with France
25
monastic immigrants: the Cistercians
- the first Cistercian abbey in England was found in 1128
- north of England was ideal because parts of Yorkshire were not recovered from the Harrying of the North
26
Viking experience?
- relations good with Saxons
- led settled lives in the Danelaw
- set up their own markets, and shops
- some grew rich because of trade
- some fought on the boundary of the Danelaw
- relations worsened after 937, Danelaw under Saxon control
- 1016, King Cnut made it better
27
Norman experience?
- regularly experienced hostility from Saxons because of the cruelty the Normans showed
- feudal system ensured they held positions of authority
- Saxons were forced to build castles, more resentment
28
Flemish weavers experience?
- specialised skills were welcomed
- helped cloth trade increase and employment flourished
29
Hansa merchants experience?
- from Germany
- given right to trade by Edward the first
- set up steel yard, directed and controlled trade with parts of Europe
- mid 1400s, Germans controlled most of English cloth industry
30
Lombardy bankers experience?
- 1220, powerful Italian bankers working in London
- they did well, especially after expulsion of Jews in 1290
31
Jewish migrants experience?
-- monarchs ensured protection
- 1275, had to wear yellow arm band, meant they were forbidden from charging interest on loans
- became poor
- increasingly experienced Anti-Semitism because people resented paying interest
- interest rates were high to cover taxes Jews had to pay
- 1290 Jews are expelled from England by Edward the first
32
York population under Vikings?
- before = 1000
- between 867 and 950 = 10,000-15,000
