Unit 3 - Microbial Physiology & Genetics Flashcards
the study of the life processes
of microorganisms.
Microbial Physiology
refer to various chemical compounds that
organisms and microorganisms use to sustain life.
Nutrients
6 Major chemical elements:
carbon • hydrogen • oxygen • nitrogen • phosphorus • sulfur
Other elements needed in lesser amount:
Sodium • Potassium • Chloride • Magnesium • Calcium • Iron • Iodine
carbohydrates, fats, protein
Organic
carbon dioxide, phosphate, nitrates
Inorganic
Energy Source
Phototrophs . Chemotrophs
use light as an energy source.
Phototrophs
process by which organisms convert light
energy into chemical energy.
Photosynthesis
use either inorganic or organic chemicals as energy.
Chemotrophs
use carbon dioxide(co2) as carbon source. E.G. Plants and algae
Autotrophs
use organic compounds as carbon source.
e.g. humans, animals, protozoa, fungi
Heterotrophs
Photoautotrophs
use light as energy source and CO2
as carbon source.
e.g. plants, algae, green sulfur bacteria
use light as energy source and
organic compound as carbon source.
Photoheterotrophs
use chemicals as an energy source and CO2 as carbon source.
e.g. nitrogen fixing bacteria, sulfur bacteria
chemoautotrophs
use chemicals as energy and organic compound as carbon source.e.g. most bacteria, fungi, protozoa and animals
chemoheterotrophs
is all the organisms physical traits, attributes, or
characteristics.
Phenotype
Ways in which bacteria acquire new genetic
information:
LYSOGENIC CONVERSION
TRANSDUCTION
TRANSFORMATION
CONJUGATION
Involves bacteriophages and the acquisition of new viral genes.
(a lysogenic bacterium is capable of producing one or more
new gene products as a result of infection by a temperate bacteriophage.)
LYSOGENIC CONVERSION
Involves bacteriophages and the acquisition of
new bacterial genes. (bacterial genetic materials are carried across from
one bacterial cell to another by a bacterial virus).
TRANSDUCTION
Involves the uptake of naked DNA.
TRANSFORMATION
Involves the transfer of genetic information from one
cell to another involving what is known as a sex
pilus.
CONJUGATION
