Cell structure

Question 1

Found in Eukaryotic

Answer 1

Mitochondria

Question 2

organelles of locomotion.

Answer 2

flagella and cilia

Question 3

some eukaryotic cells possess relatively long, thin structures called

Answer 3

Flagella

Question 4

are shorter (more hair-like) thinner and more
numerous.

Answer 4

Cilia

Question 5

a rigid cell wall that defines the shape of bacterial cells.
the main constituent is a macromolecular polymer known as peptidoglycan (also known as murein).

Answer 5

Bacterial cell

Question 6

Peptidoglycan is found only in

Answer 6

Bacteria

Question 7

Gram positive bacteria have

Answer 7

Thick layer

Question 8

Gram negative bacteria have

Answer 8

Thin layer

Question 9

a slimy, gelatinous material produced by the cell membrane.

Answer 9

Glycocalyx

Question 10

Some bacteria have glycocalyx located ………. their cell wall.

Answer 10

Outside

Question 11

enable certain bacteria to glide or slide along solid surfaces, and seem to protect bacteria from antibiotics

Answer 11

Slime layers

Question 12

consists of polysaccharide; useful in differentiating among different types of bacteria within particular species.

Answer 12

Capsules

Question 13

Bacterial capsules serve an

Answer 13

Antiphagocytic

Question 14

with flagella over the entire surface

Answer 14

peritrichous bacteria

Question 15

amphitrichous bacteria

Answer 15

have one or more flagella at each end

Question 16

with a tuft of flagella at one end

Answer 16

lophotrichous bacteria

Question 17

monotrichous bacteria

Answer 17

possessing a single polar flagellum

Question 18

hair like structures most often for gram-negative bacteria

Answer 18

Pili or fimbriae

Question 19

are organelles of attachments

Answer 19

Pili

Question 20

bacterial spores are called

Answer 20

endospores

Question 21

the process by which spores are formed

Answer 21

Sporulation

Question 22

Viruses

Answer 22

are very small and simple in structure.

Question 23

most …………..range from 10 -300 nm, in diameter.

Answer 23

Virus

Question 24

Vary greatly in size, shape and morphologic arrangement.

Answer 24

Bacteria

Question 25

They divide by binary fission.

Answer 25

Bacteria

Question 26

Used to observed bacterial morphology.

Answer 26

Staining procedures

Question 27

Specific stains and staining techniques are used to observe?

Answer 27

bacterial cell morphology

Question 28

Various staining methods have been devised to enable scientist

Answer 28

to examine bacteria

Question 29

Gram-Positive bacteria

Answer 29

Blue to purple | thick layer

Question 30

Gram positive bacteria | Teichoic acids and lipoteichoic acid in cell wall

Answer 30

Present

Question 31

Gram positive bacteria | Lipopolysaccharide in cell walls

Answer 31

Absent

Question 32

Gram negative bacteria

Answer 32

Pink to red | Thin layer

Question 33

Gram negative bacteria | Teichoic acids and lipoteichoic acid in cell wall

Answer 33

Absent

Question 34

Gram negative bacteria | Lipopolysaccharide in cell walls

Answer 34

Present

Question 35

Ability of the organism to move.

Answer 35

Motility

Question 36

Motility is usually associated to bacteria with ………or ……….

Answer 36

Flagella or filaments

Question 37

Most spiral shape bacteria are

Answer 37

Motile

Question 38

Cocci shape bacteria are

Answer 38

Non _ motile

Question 39

Size of colonies determines

Answer 39

Organisms rate of growth

Question 40

5 major types of bacteria according to their relationship to O2 and CO2

Answer 40

``` Obligate anaerobe. Microaerophiles Obligate aerobe Facultative anaerobe Aerotolerant anaerobe ```

Question 41

organisms grow only in an environment with no oxygen.

Answer 41

Obligate anaerobe

Question 42

-require oxygen for multiplication, but in concentrations lower than that found in room air

Answer 42

Microacrophiles

Question 43

–requires an atmosphere containing molecular oxygen in concentration comparable to that found in room air (20% to 21%).

Answer 43

Obligate aerobe

Question 44

survives either in the presence or absence of oxygen

Answer 44

Facultative anaerobe

Question 45

–does not require oxygen & grows better in the absence of O2 but can survive in an atmosphere containing molecular oxygen such as air and CO2 incubator).

Answer 45

Aerotolerant anaerobe

Question 46

All bacteria need some ………… , ………….. , ……….,,., …………. , …………….., and ………..for …… .

Answer 46

Carbon , hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur , phosphorous and N for growth

Question 47

Bacillus anthracis

Answer 47

Anthrax

Question 48

Chlamydia trachomatis

Answer 48

Trachoma

Question 49

Whooping cough

Answer 49

Bordetella pertussis

Question 50

Clostridium botulinum

Answer 50

Botulism

Question 51

Clostridium perfringens

Answer 51

Gas Gangrene, Wound Infections

Question 52

Clostridium tetani

Answer 52

Tetanus

Question 53

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

Answer 53

Diphtheria

Question 54

Escherichia coli

Answer 54

urinary tract infection

Question 55

Francisella tularensis

Answer 55

Tularemia

Question 56

Haemophilus influenzae

Answer 56

Meningitis, Pneumonia

Question 57

Klebsiella pneumoniae

Answer 57

Pneumonia

Question 58

Mycobacterium leprae

Answer 58

Leprosy

Question 59

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Answer 59

PTB

Question 60

Pseudomonas aeroginosa

Answer 60

Respiratory, Urogenital, Wound Infections

Question 61

Salmonella typhi

Answer 61

Typhoid Fever

Question 62

Shigella species

Answer 62

Shigellosis (Bacillary dysentery

Question 63

Staphylococcus aureu

Answer 63

Boils, Carbuncles, Pneumonia, Septicemia

Question 64

Streptococcus pyogenes

Answer 64

Strep Throat, Scarlet Fever, Rheumatic Fever, Septicemia

Question 65

Streptococcus pneumoniae

Answer 65

Pneumonia

Question 66

Treponema pallidum

Answer 66

Syphillis

Question 67

Vibrio cholerae

Answer 67

Cholera

Question 68

Yersinia pestis

Answer 68

Plague

Question 69

* Are Eukaryotic organisms. * Most protozoa are unicellular (single-celled) organisms. * Found in soil and water. * Movement through cilia, pseudopodia, flagella

Answer 69

Protozoa

Question 70

Entamoeba histolytica | What’s the disease ?

Answer 70

Amoebiasis [ severe diarrhea

Question 71

Plasmodium vivax | What is the disease?

Answer 71

Malaria

Question 72

Pneumocystis carinii | What’s the disease?

Answer 72

Pneumonia

Question 73

Found almost everywhere on earth

Answer 73

Fungi

Question 74

Can be harmful or beneficial.

Answer 74

Fungi

Question 75

Fungi are ………. organisms that include | mushrooms, molds and yeasts.

Answer 75

Eucaryotic

Question 76

Fungi Important for the production of

Answer 76

Cheese Beer Yogurt Wine

Question 77

Fungi damage and deteriorate:

Answer 77

Leather Jams Pickles

Question 78

Candida albicans | What is disease ?

Answer 78

Vaginitis

Question 79

Histoplasma | What is disease ?

Answer 79

Histoplasmosis

Question 80

Dermatophytes | What is disease ?

Answer 80

Ringworm

Question 81

Most benificial fungi: | 1. Penicillium notatum

Answer 81

Penicillin antibiotics

Question 82

2 Cephalosporium

Answer 82

Cephalosporin (antibiotics)

Question 83

Photosynthetic, eukaryotic organism.

Answer 83

Algae

Question 84

Can be multicellular or unicellular. | Produce energy by photosynthesis, using sunlight, carbon dioxide, water and inorganic nutrients

Answer 84

Algae

Question 85

Algae are only

Answer 85

very rarely a cause of human infections

Question 86

is an example of human algae infection.

Answer 86

Protothecosis

Question 87

Types of algae

Answer 87

Green algae Brown algae Red algae

Question 88

Uses of algae

Answer 88

``` iodine fertilizers stabilizers for ice cream salad dressings plastic bags ```