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Microbiology > Cell structure > Flashcards

Cell structure Flashcards

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Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

Found in Eukaryotic

A

Mitochondria

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2
Q

organelles of locomotion.

A

flagella and cilia

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3
Q

some eukaryotic cells possess relatively long, thin structures called

A

Flagella

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4
Q 
are shorter (more hair-like) thinner and more
numerous.
A

Cilia

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5
Q

a rigid cell wall that defines the shape of bacterial cells.
the main constituent is a macromolecular polymer known as peptidoglycan (also known as murein).

A

Bacterial cell

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6
Q

Peptidoglycan is found only in

A

Bacteria

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7
Q

Gram positive bacteria have

A

Thick layer

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8
Q

Gram negative bacteria have

A

Thin layer

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9
Q

a slimy, gelatinous material produced by the cell membrane.

A

Glycocalyx

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10
Q

Some bacteria have glycocalyx located ………. their cell wall.

A

Outside

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11
Q

enable certain bacteria to glide or slide along solid surfaces, and seem to protect bacteria from antibiotics

A

Slime layers

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12
Q

consists of polysaccharide; useful in differentiating among different types of bacteria within particular species.

A

Capsules

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13
Q

Bacterial capsules serve an

A

Antiphagocytic

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14
Q

with flagella over the entire surface

A

peritrichous bacteria

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15
Q

amphitrichous bacteria

A

have one or more flagella at each end

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16
Q

with a tuft of flagella at one end

A

lophotrichous bacteria

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17
Q

monotrichous bacteria

A

possessing a single polar flagellum

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18
Q

hair like structures most often for gram-negative bacteria

A

Pili or fimbriae

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19
Q

are organelles of attachments

A

Pili

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20
Q

bacterial spores are called

A

endospores

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21
Q

the process by which spores are formed

A

Sporulation

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22
Q

Viruses

A

are very small and simple in structure.

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23
Q

most …………..range from 10 -300 nm, in diameter.

A

Virus

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24
Q

Vary greatly in size, shape and morphologic arrangement.

A

Bacteria

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25
Q

They divide by binary fission.

A

Bacteria

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26
Q

Used to observed bacterial morphology.

A

Staining procedures

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27
Q

Specific stains and staining techniques are used to observe?

A

bacterial cell morphology

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28
Q

Various staining methods have been devised to enable scientist

A

to examine bacteria

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29
Q

Gram-Positive bacteria

A

Blue to purple

thick layer

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30
Q

Gram positive bacteria

Teichoic acids and lipoteichoic acid in cell wall

A

Present

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31
Q

Gram positive bacteria

Lipopolysaccharide in cell walls

A

Absent

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32
Q

Gram negative bacteria

A

Pink to red

Thin layer

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33
Q

Gram negative bacteria

Teichoic acids and lipoteichoic acid in cell wall

A

Absent

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34
Q

Gram negative bacteria

Lipopolysaccharide in cell walls

A

Present

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35
Q

Ability of the organism to move.

A

Motility

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36
Q

Motility is usually associated to bacteria with ………or ……….

A

Flagella or filaments

37
Q

Most spiral shape bacteria are

A

Motile

38
Q

Cocci shape bacteria are

A

Non _ motile

39
Q

Size of colonies determines

A

Organisms rate of growth

40
Q

5 major types of bacteria according to their relationship to O2 and CO2

A 
Obligate anaerobe.
Microaerophiles
Obligate  aerobe
Facultative anaerobe 
Aerotolerant anaerobe
41
Q

organisms grow only in an environment with no oxygen.

A

Obligate anaerobe

42
Q

-require oxygen for multiplication, but in concentrations lower than that found in room air

A

Microacrophiles

43
Q

–requires an atmosphere containing molecular oxygen in concentration comparable to that found in room air (20% to 21%).

A

Obligate aerobe

44
Q

survives either in the presence or absence of oxygen

A

Facultative anaerobe

45
Q

–does not require oxygen & grows better in the absence of O2 but can survive in an atmosphere containing molecular oxygen such as air and CO2 incubator).

A

Aerotolerant anaerobe

46
Q

All bacteria need some ………… , ………….. , ……….,,., …………. , …………….., and ………..for …… .

A

Carbon , hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur , phosphorous and N for growth

47
Q

Bacillus anthracis

A

Anthrax

48
Q

Chlamydia trachomatis

A

Trachoma

49
Q

Whooping cough

A

Bordetella pertussis

50
Q

Clostridium botulinum

A

Botulism

51
Q

Clostridium perfringens

A

Gas Gangrene, Wound Infections

52
Q

Clostridium tetani

A

Tetanus

53
Q

Corynebacterium diphtheriae

A

Diphtheria

54
Q

Escherichia coli

A

urinary tract infection

55
Q

Francisella tularensis

A

Tularemia

56
Q

Haemophilus influenzae

A

Meningitis, Pneumonia

57
Q

Klebsiella pneumoniae

A

Pneumonia

58
Q

Mycobacterium leprae

A

Leprosy

59
Q

Mycobacterium tuberculosis

A

PTB

60
Q

Pseudomonas aeroginosa

A

Respiratory, Urogenital, Wound Infections

61
Q

Salmonella typhi

A

Typhoid Fever

62
Q

Shigella species

A

Shigellosis (Bacillary dysentery

63
Q

Staphylococcus aureu

A

Boils, Carbuncles, Pneumonia, Septicemia

64
Q

Streptococcus pyogenes

A

Strep Throat, Scarlet Fever, Rheumatic Fever, Septicemia

65
Q

Streptococcus pneumoniae

A

Pneumonia

66
Q

Treponema pallidum

A

Syphillis

67
Q

Vibrio cholerae

A

Cholera

68
Q

Yersinia pestis

A

Plague

69
Q
  • Are Eukaryotic organisms.
  • Most protozoa are unicellular (single-celled) organisms.
  • Found in soil and water.
  • Movement through cilia, pseudopodia, flagella
A

Protozoa

70
Q

Entamoeba histolytica

What’s the disease ?

A

Amoebiasis [ severe diarrhea

71
Q

Plasmodium vivax

What is the disease?

A

Malaria

72
Q

Pneumocystis carinii

What’s the disease?

A

Pneumonia

73
Q

Found almost everywhere on earth

A

Fungi

74
Q

Can be harmful or beneficial.

A

Fungi

75
Q

Fungi are ………. organisms that include

mushrooms, molds and yeasts.

A

Eucaryotic

76
Q

Fungi Important for the production of

A

Cheese
Beer
Yogurt
Wine

77
Q

Fungi damage and deteriorate:

A

Leather
Jams
Pickles

78
Q

Candida albicans

What is disease ?

A

Vaginitis

79
Q

Histoplasma

What is disease ?

A

Histoplasmosis

80
Q

Dermatophytes

What is disease ?

A

Ringworm

81
Q

Most benificial fungi:

1. Penicillium notatum

A

Penicillin antibiotics

82
Q

2 Cephalosporium

A

Cephalosporin (antibiotics)

83
Q

Photosynthetic, eukaryotic organism.

A

Algae

84
Q

Can be multicellular or unicellular.

Produce energy by photosynthesis, using sunlight, carbon dioxide, water and inorganic nutrients

A

Algae

85
Q

Algae are only

A

very rarely a cause of human infections

86
Q

is an example of human algae infection.

A

Protothecosis

87
Q

Types of algae

A

Green algae
Brown algae
Red algae

88
Q

Uses of algae

A 
iodine
 fertilizers
 stabilizers for ice cream 
salad dressings 
plastic bags

Microbiology (3 decks)

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