Introduction To microbiology Flashcards
What’s microbiology ?
The study of microbes
Microbes are
Obliquitous
Microbes are categorized as
Viruses ,Bacteria, Archaea , Protozoa , Algae ,Fungi
disease producing microbes.
- also referred to as “infectious agents”
Pathogen
microbes that do not cause disease.
Nonpathogens
Known as infectious particles
Acellular microbes
Ex: prions and viruses
Cellular microbes
a. ) prokaryotes (organisms composed of cells that lack a true
nucleus) . Ex. Achaea and Bacteria
b. ) eukaryotes ( organisms composed of cells that contain a true nucleus). Ex. Algae, protozoa, fungi
these are microbes that live on and in the human body.
Indigenous microbiota
microbes that do not cause disease under ordinary conditions, but have the potential to cause disease should the
Opportunistic pathogens
The study and classification of microorganisms and how they function.
General Microbiology
The study of pathogens, the diseases they cause and body’s defenses against disease.
Medical microbiology
Veterinary Microbiology
Study on how to prevent spread and control of infectious diseases among animals.
studies of different microorganisms that are both harmful and or beneficial in soil formation and fertility.
Agricultural Microbiology
This includes processing and disposal of garbage and sewage waste as well as purification and processing of water supply.
Sanitary microbiology
Industrial Microbiology
Businesses and industries
Microbial Genetics
Study of function and structures of DNA
- made more than 500 microscopes.
- Father of Microbiology.
Antony van
First to see live bacteria and protozoa.
Antony van
discovered fermentation
introduced the aerobes and anaerobes”
he developed a process known as PASTEURIZATION
Louis Pasteur
he discovered the infectious agent that caused the silkworm diseases
made significant contribution to the GERM THEORY OF DISEASE
developed vaccines
Louis Pasteur
proved that anthrax bacillus (B. anthracis) is the causative agent of anthrax.
- developed methods of fixing, staining and photographing bacteria.
Robert Koch
developed methods of cultivating bacteria on solid media.
- introduced the term PURE CULTURE
Robert Koch
Developed the process of
Tyndallization
John Tyndall
Developed the Concept of Aseptic Technique
he instituted the practice of using phenol (carbolic acid)
He made surgeons wear gloves and wash their hands
before and after operations with carbolic acid diluted in water
Joseph lister
Founder of Modern Chemotherapy”.
- Formulated Humoral Theory of Resistance (the mechanism of specific resistance to infections).
- he developed the new staining technique procedure
Paul Ehrlich
first to develop chemotherapeutic agent.
Paul Ehrlich
first to discover “phagocytosis
Formulated the Cellular Theory of
Resistance
Elie Metchnikoff
Developed method for producing immunity by using antitoxin against diphtheria.
Emil Von Behring
Compound microscope is
Contains more than one magnifying lens
Contain only one magnifying
images seen when using a magnifying glass usually
appear about 3 to 20 times larger than the object’s
actual size.
Simple microscope
magnifies object about 1,000 times.
Compound Microscope
Used to observe morphology of microorganisms such as bacteria, protozoa, fungi and algae in living
(unstained) and nonliving (stained) state
Brightfield Microscope
Used to examine unstained organism in dark.
- Useful in examining spirochetes.
Darkfiled Microscope
Used to observed unstained living organisms.
Phase - contrast
Flourescence Microscope
- Magnification: 1,000x
- Fluorescent dye is attached to a microorganism. -Primarily an immunodiagnostic technique (immunofluorescence) -Used to detect microorganisms in cells, tissues and clinical specimens.
- Magnification: 200,000x (0.0002mm0)
- Specimen viewed on screen.
- allows examination of cellular and viral structure. -Excellent resolution.
- Reveals internal feature of thin specimens.
Transmission Electron Microscope
Can visualize cells and viruses
- Specimen viewed on the monitor.
- Resolution is less than that of TEM
Scanning Electron microscope
- Magnification: 10,000x
- Specimen is viewed on screen.
- Three dimensions microscope.
Scanning Electron
