Unit 3 Memory

Question 1

Memory system in which info is held for brief periods of time while being used.
- capacity is limited (average of 7 pieces of info).

Answer 1

Short Term Memory

Question 2

Memory system in which all info is placed to be kept more or less “permanently”.
- capacity is seemingly unlimited

Answer 2

Long Term Memory

Question 3

Forming a memory code “memorizing”

Answer 3

Encoding

Question 4

Holding info

Answer 4

Storage

Question 5

Pulling from storage

Answer 5

Retrieval

Question 6

The loss of memory for events that occurred AFTER the injury or illness.

Answer 6

Anterograde Amnesia

Question 7

The loss of memory for events that occurred PRIOR to the injury or illness.

Answer 7

Retrograde Amnesia

Question 7

The theoretical process of info “getting into” long term memory.
-does not occur immediately
-takes time to occur
-mostly happens during SLEEP

Answer 7

Consolidation

Question 7

Brain structure most important in long term memory
(Dementia is cause by dead and dying neurons in this part of the brain).

Answer 7

Hippocampus

Question 8

Suggests that we use different levels of processing:
- Shallow … Ineffective encoding
- Intermediate
-Deep … Effective encoding

Answer 8

Levels of Processing Theory

Question 9

Two codes (Visual & Sematic codes) increase the probability of recall.

Answer 9

Dual-Coding Theory

Question 10

Documents the duration limit of short-term memory.
-Info fades from STM in 12 secs or less (w/o rehearsal).

Answer 10

Peterson & Peterson Study

Question 11

3rd memory storage
-stage that catches near exact copies of brief events. (allows you to recall what JUST happened).

Answer 11

Sensory Memory

Question 12

Automatic encoding, due to unexpected, highly emotional event.
-EX: Car crash or the birth of a baby

Answer 12

Flashbulb Memory

Question 13

Info at the beginning & end of the body of information tend to be remembered more accurately than info in the middle.
-Grocery list

Answer 13

Serial-Position Effect

Question 14

The early items tend to consolidate into LTM

Answer 14

Primary Effect

Question 15

The reason you remembered the last few items on the list is that those were most recent.

Answer 15

Recency Effect

Question 16

Cues in the environment that simulates memory retrieval.

Answer 16

Context Effect

Question 17

Elizabeth Loftus suggest that memories are reconstructed.

Answer 17

Reconstructive Memories

Question 17

Occurs when a memory derived from one source is misattributed to another source.

Answer 17

Source Monitoring Error

Question 18

The course of forgetting for Ebbinghaus was initially rapid, and then leveled off with time. Can be used as evidence in favor of the decay theory of forgetting LTM.

Answer 18

Ebbinghaus’ Forgetting Curve

Question 18

Refers to the proportion of material retained (Remembered).

Answer 18

Retention

Question 18

A measure of retention that requires a subject to reproduce info on their own without any cues.

Answer 18

Recall

Question 19

A measure of retention that requires a subject to select previously learned info from an array of options.

Answer 19

Recognition

Question 20

A measure of retention that requires a subject to memorize info a second time to determine how much time or effort is saved by having learned it before.

Answer 20

Relearning

Question 21

Info is not encoded; therefore, you cannot “forget’ info that was never encoded. (Pseudoforgetting).

Answer 21

Encoding Failure

Question 22

Asserts that forgetting is the function of time. This theory can be applied to all three memory stores: Sensory, Short-Term, and Long-Term.

Answer 22

Decay Theory

Question 23

Suggest that forgetting is due to retrieval failure.

Answer 23

Interference Theory

Question 24

Tendency for info learned in the past to interfere the retrieval of new info.

Answer 24

Proactive Interference

Question 25

Not recalling info that may be scary or embarrassing.

Answer 25

Motivated Forgetting

Question 26

Tendency for recently learned info to interfere with retrieval of things learned in the past.

Answer 26

Retroactive Interference

Question 27

Freud’s term for keeping distressing thoughts and feelings buried in the unconscious.

Answer 27

Repression

Question 28

Strategies for enhancing memory.

Answer 28

Mnemonic Devices

Question 29

Continued rehearsal after the apparent point of mastery.

Answer 29

Overlearning

Question 30

A long session of studying or learning.

Answer 30

Massed Practice

Question 31

Short sessions of studying mixed with intervals of rest. Distributed is superior to Massed Practice.

Answer 31

Distributed Practice