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PSY-201 > Unit 2 Basic Biology > Flashcards

Unit 2 Basic Biology Flashcards

1
Q

Cells found throughout the nervous system that provide structural support for neurons.

A

Glia

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2
Q

Transmits electrical & chemical signals in the body.

A

Neurons

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3
Q

Cell body of a neuron.

A

Soma

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4
Q

Branch-like structures to RECEIVE info.

A

Dendrites

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5
Q

Tube-like structures to SEND info.

A

Axon

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6
Q

Surrounds & protects axons; Speeds up, transmission of signals, and made up of glia cells.

A

Myelin Sheath

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7
Q

Sac-like structures that contain neurotransmitters.

A

Synaptic Vesicles

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8
Q

Where the axon meets the dendrite; where info is passed.

A

Synapse

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9
Q

The neuron’s stable, negative charge when the cell is inactive.

A

Resting Potential

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10
Q

Time between action potentials.

A

Absolute Refractory Period

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11
Q

A very brief shift in a neuron’s electrical charge that travels along the axon.

A

Action Potential

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12
Q

Individual neuron either fires all of its voltage or none of its voltage.

A

All Or None Law

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13
Q

Begins immediately after the binding of the neurotransmitter molecule to the receptor site.

A

Postsynaptic Potential

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14
Q

The location on the dendrite wall where the neurotransmitter binds (chemically joins).

A

Receptor Site

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15
Q

Increases the likelihood the next neuron will fire an action potential.

A

Excitatory Neurotransmitter

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16
Q

Decreases the likelihood the next neuron will fire an action potential.

A

Inhibitory Neurotransmitter

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17
Q

Chemical messengers that transmit signals from nerve cells to target cells.

A

Neurotransmitters

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18
Q
  1. Synthesis & Storage
  2. Release
  3. Binding
  4. Inactivation & Removal
  5. Reuptake
A

5 Step Process of Neurotransmitters

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19
Q

A chemical that MIMICS the action of a neurotransmitter. (Nicotine or Opioid medication)

A

Agonist

20
Q

A chemical that OPPOSES the action of a neurotransmitter. (Anti-depression medication)

A

Antagonist

21
Q

Brain & Spinal Cord

A

Central Nervous System

22
Q

System is comprised of all nerves outside the central nervous system.

A

Peripheral Nervous System

23
Q

Part of the PNS that controls INVOLUNTARY functions.

A

Automatic Nervous System

24
Q

Mobilizes the bodies resources for emergencies.

A

Sympathetic Nervous System

25
Q

Branch of the automatic nervous system that conserves bodily resources.

A

Parasympathic Nervous System

26
Q

The division of the peripheral nervous system that connects to voluntary muscles & sensory receptors.

A

Somatic Nervous System

27
Q

Nerves in the SNS that move impulses TOWARD the central nervous system.

A

Afferent Nerves

28
Q

Nerves in the SNS that move impulses AWAY from the central nervous system.

A

Efferent Nerves

29
Q

Includes the cerebellum, the medulla and the pons. (The most primitive region of the brain).

A

Hindbrain Region

30
Q

Regulating unconscious functions such as breathing

A

Medulla

31
Q

Regulates arousal levels; Latin for bridge.

A

Pons

32
Q

Large and deeply folded structure regulates physical balance.

A

Cerebellum

33
Q

Segment of the brainstem that lies between the hindbrain and forebrain. Regulates sleep & awakeness.

A

Midbrain Region

34
Q

Regulates sleep & wakefulness. Runs through both the hind and midbrain regions.

A

Reticular Formation

35
Q

Largest and most complex REGION of the brain, encompassing a variety of structures (thalamus, hypothalamus, limbic system and cerebrum)

A

Forebrain Region

36
Q

Brain’s relay center; all info from your body senses EXCEPT smell.

A

Thalamus

37
Q

Basic biological needs

A

Hypothalamus

38
Q

Loosely connected structured networks (emotions, instincts, memories).

A

Limbic System

39
Q

Largest most complex PART of your brain. (Thinking & learing)

A

Cerebrum

40
Q

Area of the brain- Speech production

A

Broca’s Area

41
Q

Area of the brain- Language comprehension

A

Wernicke’s Area

42
Q

Brain structure connects the two cerebral hemispheres.

A

Corpus Callosum

43
Q

Personality, decision-making, movement. Which Lobe?

A

Frontal Lobe

44
Q

“Middle Brain” Sensory: pressure, touch, pain, identifying objects. Which Lobe?

A

Parietal Lobe

45
Q

Visual Information- shapes & colors. Which Lobe?

A

Occipital Lobe

46
Q

Processing, auditory information, memory, & speech. Which Lobe?

A

Temporal Lobe

PSY-201 (5 decks)

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