unit 3:managing human populations Flashcards
how does the world bank classify countrys
the gross national income per capita
what are the classification groups for country income
hic-high income country mic-middle income country lic-low income country
examples of countys from each classification group
HIC-denmark, US mic-india and china lic-somalia and ethiopia
malthusian model vs antimalthusian model
population growth is exponential and food growth is linear
food supply and population will grow exponentially
how to calculate population density from given data
divide population by area to find the number of people per given unit
what factor influence population density and ditrubution
enviormental,economic,social,political, historical factors
describe each factor of population density
enviormental-ways of trade, climate and natural disaters, water availabilty and fertile land
economic-job availability historical-long droughts
social-crime rates, better infastructure
political-public services (healthcare/education)
reasons for differnces in populations between HICS and LICS
demographics, cultural:traditions deciding fertility
economics:supporting children/if children have to work
political factors: govermenrts controling population
how to calculate population in youth and elderly
youth= % of pop 0-14 divided by % of pop 15-64 (100)
elderly=%of pop 65 and older divided % of pop 15-64 (100)
dependency ratio
% of pop aged 0-14 + % of pop aged 65 and older / % of pop 15-64 (*100)
what are the limitations of the dependency ratio
many over 18 go to universitys, many work beyond 65, many stay at home with families, some children work before 15, and some areas have high unemployement rates
what are the impacts of an aging population
workforce declines because new employees cant keep up with the retirees, lower budget for public service, icreased pressure on healthcare system, pressure to raise retirement age.
examples of countries feeling impacts from aging population
japan, germany, south korea
how does a rapidly expanding population impact natural resources
food shortages, deforestiation, climate change, collapsing fisheries, water shortages, and air quality issues
describe the limitations of the malthusain/anti-malthusian model
malth.-technology will create more food, increasing supply
anti-malth-there is a limit to the amount of population and food
describe a pooulation pyramid for a LIC
decreasing death rate with high birth rates
describe a population pyramid for a hic
low birth rates from low infant mortality, stable population
how do birth rates, death rates, and migration effect pop size
a higher birth rate then death rate leads to an increasing pop, a lower birth rate then death rate means an increaing pop. Migration lower/highers population
what are the social and economic changes that are associated with the model
education effects TFR, female education, better healthcare decreases infant mortality
why do people migrate within a country during stage 2 to 3
migration might happen because of the need for a more economically stable/growing country
what are the pronatalist starategies
socio-economic benefits fro families, free daycare, increased maternity leave, child tax credit, bonus pay
what are anti-natalist policies
educating more women, family planning access, icreasing legal age to marry, and improved healthcare
