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envi > midterm > Flashcards

midterm Flashcards

1
Q

tradgedy of the commons

A

A public resource is taken advantage of and depleted by an individual 

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2
Q

What does a direct relationship mean?

A

both variables are affected together 

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3
Q

What is meant by an inverse relationship

A

X increases, y decreases 

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4
Q

What is the ideal type of organism for quadrant sampling

A

non-mobile/very slow populations 

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5
Q

distinguish between random and systematic sampling 

A

Random allows for each species to have an equal probability of being chosen, systematic, uses an interval to select species 

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6
Q

l what sample would be used for fruit eating

A

beating trays

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7
Q

what sample would be used for small water and vertebrae

A

kick nets

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8
Q

what sampling would be used for flying insects

A

light traps

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9
Q

Why is the US population increasing despite having a low fr

A

increased immigration 

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10
Q

What helps delayed childbearing? 

A

increasing the legal age to Mary 

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11
Q

how to calculate population density

A

population divided by land 

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12
Q

what is replacement level fertility? 

A

Number of children, a couple must have to replace themselves 

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13
Q

List reasons, a country might have high fertility

A

lack of female education, religion, lack of birth-control options 

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14
Q

List the three most populated countries

A

china, india, us

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15
Q

worlds current fertility rate

A

2.39

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16
Q

us fertility rate

A

1.64

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17
Q

describe the birth rate, death rate, and population size at stage one 

A

High birth rate, high, death rate, stable, population size 

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18
Q

characteristics of stage one


A

hi infant mortality, low life expectancy, live in rural areas, using subsidence farming 

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19
Q

describe the birth rate, desperate, and population size of stage two


A

birth rate is high, death rate is stable, population size is growing


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20
Q

characteristics of stage 2

A

death and birth rates are high, better, nutrition, and access to healthcare, majority is young 

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21
Q

describe the birth rates, death rate, and population size of stage three


A

birth rate is low, death rate is stable, population is growing


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22
Q

describe the characteristics of stage three


A

infant mortality and birth rates, decline, expansion of family, planning, most work and industrial jobs 

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23
Q

birth rate, death rate, population size of stage four 


A

birth rate is low death rate is low and population size is stable 

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24
Q

characteristics of stage four 

A

Low birth and death rates, population, growth, stabilizes, and death rates rise 

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25
Q

birth rate, death rate, population size of stage five 

A

birth rate is low, death rate is low, population is shrinking 

26
Q

 Characteristics of stage five

A

Lower birthrate and death rate, this causes a decrease in population

27
Q

what is meant by the term trophic cascades 

A

interact effects occur when an organisms activity affects another organism indirectly 

28
Q

what is similar organisms that can have fertile offspring 

A

Species

29
Q

Species interbreed, and live in the same place at the same time

A

Population

30
Q

Many different populations, living in the same area

A

Community 

31
Q

A community in which matter and energy are transferred between organisms 

A

Ecosystem

32
Q

what about ecosystems determined by climate

A

biome

33
Q

what are generalist species? 

A

generalist, adapt, and thrive off variety 

34
Q

what are specialist species? 

A

specialist species are sensitive and highly selective 

35
Q

What do arrows represent in a food web?

A

energy and nutrients

36
Q

What are trophic levels

A

A feeding level with an a food chain or stage in the energy transfer 

37
Q

what percent of energy is passed on from one trophic level to the next 

A

10% 

38
Q

where does the lost 90% of energy go 

A

daily life function or lost as heat

39
Q

examples of biotic factors 

A

grazing,predation

40
Q

examples of abiotic factors


A

temperature, humidity, water

41
Q

photosynthesis equation


A

6co2+6h20=c6h12o6+6o2

42
Q

what is the atmosphere composed of

A

78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% argon

43
Q

earths energy budget

A

the energy that moves through winds and ocean currents

44
Q

describe the interaction of incoming and outgoing radiation in the atmosphere

A

shortwave ultra violet rays are radiated to the surface. It’s absorbed into the earths surface than reradiated back out as long wave infrared energy. These waves are absorbed by green house gases and are reradiated back out

45
Q

3 major green house gases

A

carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor

46
Q

what makes a green house gas a green house gas

A

greenhouse gases absorb and trap long wave infrared rays

47
Q

diff between natural and enhanced greenhouse effect

A

natural-more atmosphere and heat escapes
enhanced-more ghg trap and reradiate heat (without natural-water would freeze and life wouldn’t exist)

48
Q

what happens to sea water when temp increases

A

coral bleaching and melt occurs on ice

49
Q

two major carbon sinks

A

vegetation and ocean

50
Q

which biome has limited sunlight, shallow roots, canopy layers, and a highly diverse ecosystem

A

tropical rainforest

51
Q

which biome had 2nd highest productivity, dominated by deciduous trees, and has no predators with rich biodiversity

A

temperate deciduous forest

52
Q

npp

A

energy stored as biomass and available to cosumerd

53
Q

gpp

A

rate of solar energy captured during photosynthesis

54
Q

which terrestrial ecosystem has the highest NPP 

A

tropical rainforest

55
Q

what are the primary drivers of different biome types being in a specific area? 

A

temperature, precipitation, nutrient, level, and light intensity 

56
Q

what characteristics are depicted to climatogram

A

temperature and rainfall 

57
Q

possible pioneer species


A

lichen, Maas, grass, and weeds 

58
Q

consequences of fire suppression 

A

Fuel build up

59
Q

hi NPP, grass dominated, resistance to drought in fire, and greatest number of grazing animals


A

savanna

60
Q

short, growing season, poor sunlight, acidic soil, low biodiversity


A

taiga

61
Q

Restricted meditation, soil can’t sustain roots, low diversity, simple ecosystem

A

tundra

envi (11 decks)

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