midterm

Question 1

tradgedy of the commons

Answer 1

A public resource is taken advantage of and depleted by an individual 

Question 2

What does a direct relationship mean?

Answer 2

both variables are affected together 

Question 3

What is meant by an inverse relationship

Answer 3

X increases, y decreases 

Question 4

What is the ideal type of organism for quadrant sampling

Answer 4

non-mobile/very slow populations 

Question 5

distinguish between random and systematic sampling 

Answer 5

Random allows for each species to have an equal probability of being chosen, systematic, uses an interval to select species 

Question 6

l what sample would be used for fruit eating

Answer 6

beating trays

Question 7

what sample would be used for small water and vertebrae

Answer 7

kick nets

Question 8

what sampling would be used for flying insects

Answer 8

light traps

Question 9

Why is the US population increasing despite having a low fr

Answer 9

increased immigration 

Question 10

What helps delayed childbearing? 

Answer 10

increasing the legal age to Mary 

Question 11

how to calculate population density

Answer 11

population divided by land 

Question 12

what is replacement level fertility? 

Answer 12

Number of children, a couple must have to replace themselves 

Question 13

List reasons, a country might have high fertility

Answer 13

lack of female education, religion, lack of birth-control options 

Question 14

List the three most populated countries

Answer 14

china, india, us

Question 15

worlds current fertility rate

Answer 15

2.39

Question 16

us fertility rate

Answer 16

1.64

Question 17

describe the birth rate, death rate, and population size at stage one 

Answer 17

High birth rate, high, death rate, stable, population size 

Question 18

characteristics of stage one


Answer 18

hi infant mortality, low life expectancy, live in rural areas, using subsidence farming 

Question 19

describe the birth rate, desperate, and population size of stage two


Answer 19

birth rate is high, death rate is stable, population size is growing


Question 20

characteristics of stage 2

Answer 20

death and birth rates are high, better, nutrition, and access to healthcare, majority is young 

Question 21

describe the birth rates, death rate, and population size of stage three


Answer 21

birth rate is low, death rate is stable, population is growing


Question 22

describe the characteristics of stage three


Answer 22

infant mortality and birth rates, decline, expansion of family, planning, most work and industrial jobs 

Question 23

birth rate, death rate, population size of stage four 


Answer 23

birth rate is low death rate is low and population size is stable 

Question 24

characteristics of stage four 

Answer 24

Low birth and death rates, population, growth, stabilizes, and death rates rise 

Question 25

birth rate, death rate, population size of stage five 

Answer 25

birth rate is low, death rate is low, population is shrinking 

Question 26

 Characteristics of stage five

Answer 26

Lower birthrate and death rate, this causes a decrease in population

Question 27

what is meant by the term trophic cascades 

Answer 27

interact effects occur when an organisms activity affects another organism indirectly 

Question 28

what is similar organisms that can have fertile offspring 

Answer 28

Species

Question 29

Species interbreed, and live in the same place at the same time

Answer 29

Population

Question 30

Many different populations, living in the same area

Answer 30

Community 

Question 31

A community in which matter and energy are transferred between organisms 

Answer 31

Ecosystem

Question 32

what about ecosystems determined by climate

Answer 32

biome

Question 33

what are generalist species? 

Answer 33

generalist, adapt, and thrive off variety 

Question 34

what are specialist species? 

Answer 34

specialist species are sensitive and highly selective 

Question 35

What do arrows represent in a food web?

Answer 35

energy and nutrients

Question 36

What are trophic levels

Answer 36

A feeding level with an a food chain or stage in the energy transfer 

Question 37

what percent of energy is passed on from one trophic level to the next 

Answer 37

10% 

Question 38

where does the lost 90% of energy go 

Answer 38

daily life function or lost as heat

Question 39

examples of biotic factors 

Answer 39

grazing,predation

Question 40

examples of abiotic factors 

Answer 40

temperature, humidity, water

Question 41

photosynthesis equation 

Answer 41

6co2+6h20=c6h12o6+6o2

Question 42

what is the atmosphere composed of

Answer 42

78% nitrogen, 21% oxygen, 1% argon

Question 43

earths energy budget

Answer 43

the energy that moves through winds and ocean currents

Question 44

describe the interaction of incoming and outgoing radiation in the atmosphere

Answer 44

shortwave ultra violet rays are radiated to the surface. It’s absorbed into the earths surface than reradiated back out as long wave infrared energy. These waves are absorbed by green house gases and are reradiated back out

Question 45

3 major green house gases

Answer 45

carbon dioxide, methane, water vapor

Question 46

what makes a green house gas a green house gas

Answer 46

greenhouse gases absorb and trap long wave infrared rays

Question 47

diff between natural and enhanced greenhouse effect

Answer 47

natural-more atmosphere and heat escapes enhanced-more ghg trap and reradiate heat (without natural-water would freeze and life wouldn’t exist)

Question 48

what happens to sea water when temp increases

Answer 48

coral bleaching and melt occurs on ice

Question 49

two major carbon sinks

Answer 49

vegetation and ocean

Question 50

which biome has limited sunlight, shallow roots, canopy layers, and a highly diverse ecosystem

Answer 50

tropical rainforest

Question 51

which biome had 2nd highest productivity, dominated by deciduous trees, and has no predators with rich biodiversity

Answer 51

temperate deciduous forest

Question 52

npp

Answer 52

energy stored as biomass and available to cosumerd

Question 53

gpp

Answer 53

rate of solar energy captured during photosynthesis

Question 54

which terrestrial ecosystem has the highest NPP 

Answer 54

tropical rainforest

Question 55

what are the primary drivers of different biome types being in a specific area? 

Answer 55

temperature, precipitation, nutrient, level, and light intensity 

Question 56

what characteristics are depicted to climatogram

Answer 56

temperature and rainfall 

Question 57

possible pioneer species 

Answer 57

lichen, Maas, grass, and weeds 

Question 58

consequences of fire suppression 

Answer 58

Fuel build up

Question 59

hi NPP, grass dominated, resistance to drought in fire, and greatest number of grazing animals 

Answer 59

savanna

Question 60

short, growing season, poor sunlight, acidic soil, low biodiversity 

Answer 60

taiga

Question 61

Restricted meditation, soil can’t sustain roots, low diversity, simple ecosystem

Answer 61

tundra