Unit 3 List 3 DNA + Heredity IV

Question 1

cellular division

Answer 1

the process by which a parent cell divides into two daughter cells.

Question 2

egg cell

Answer 2

the female reproductive cell, or gamete, in most anisogamous organisms

Question 3

epigenetic

Answer 3

how your behaviors and environment can cause changes that affect the way your genes work.

Question 4

fertilization

Answer 4

when sperm and an egg join together.

Question 5

genome

Answer 5

The complete set of DNA (genetic material) in an organism.

Question 6

inherited traits

Answer 6

a particular genetically determined characteristic or quality that distinguishes somebody.

Question 7

multicellular organism

Answer 7

an organism that consists of more than one cell, unlike unicellular organisms.

Question 8

sexual reproduction

Answer 8

a type of reproduction that involves a complex life cycle in which a gamete (haploid reproductive cells, such as a sperm or egg cell) with a single set of chromosomes combines with another gamete to produce a zygote

Question 9

sperm cell

Answer 9

male sex cells with three main parts: a head, midpiece and tail.

Question 10

autosomal

Answer 10

the gene in question is located on one of the numbered, or non-sex, chromosomes.

Question 11

complete dominance

Answer 11

a condition wherein the dominant allele completely masks the effect of the recessive allele

Question 12

dihybrid cross

Answer 12

a mating experiment between two organisms that are identically hybrid for two traits.

Question 13

F1 (first filial)

Answer 13

a mating experiment between two organisms that are identically hybrid for two traits.

Question 14

F2 (second filial)

Answer 14

consists of the offsprings of the F1 generation.

Question 15

genotype

Answer 15

the genetic makeup of an organism

Question 16

genotypic ratio

Answer 16

the ratio depicting the different genotypes of the offspring from a test cross.

Question 17

Hardy-Weinberg

Answer 17

a mathematical equation that can be used to calculate the genetic variation of a population at equilibrium; p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1

Question 18

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Answer 18

no mutation, random mating, no gene flow, infinite population size, and no selection.

Question 19

incomplete dominance

Answer 19

the genetic phenomenon in which the distinct gene products from the two codominant alleles in a heterozygote blend to form a phenotype intermediate between those of the two homozygotes.

Question 20

monohybrid cross

Answer 20

any cross involving just one gene.

Question 21

P (parental generation)

Answer 21

the first set of parents crossed.

Question 22

phenotype

Answer 22

the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

Question 23

phenotypic ratio

Answer 23

the ratio of different phenotypes present in the offspring of a cross.

Question 24

polygenic inheritance

Answer 24

a characteristic, such as height or skin color, that is influenced by two or more genes.

Question 25

population

Answer 25

the number of people in a single area.

Question 26

ratio

Answer 26

shows how many times one number contains another.

Question 27

variation

Answer 27

the differences between individuals of the same species, caused by genetic and environmental factors.