Unit 3 List 3 DNA + Heredity IV Flashcards
(27 cards)
cellular division
the process by which a parent cell divides into two daughter cells.
egg cell
the female reproductive cell, or gamete, in most anisogamous organisms
epigenetic
how your behaviors and environment can cause changes that affect the way your genes work.
fertilization
when sperm and an egg join together.
genome
The complete set of DNA (genetic material) in an organism.
inherited traits
a particular genetically determined characteristic or quality that distinguishes somebody.
multicellular organism
an organism that consists of more than one cell, unlike unicellular organisms.
sexual reproduction
a type of reproduction that involves a complex life cycle in which a gamete (haploid reproductive cells, such as a sperm or egg cell) with a single set of chromosomes combines with another gamete to produce a zygote
sperm cell
male sex cells with three main parts: a head, midpiece and tail.
autosomal
the gene in question is located on one of the numbered, or non-sex, chromosomes.
complete dominance
a condition wherein the dominant allele completely masks the effect of the recessive allele
dihybrid cross
a mating experiment between two organisms that are identically hybrid for two traits.
F1 (first filial)
a mating experiment between two organisms that are identically hybrid for two traits.
F2 (second filial)
consists of the offsprings of the F1 generation.
genotype
the genetic makeup of an organism
genotypic ratio
the ratio depicting the different genotypes of the offspring from a test cross.
Hardy-Weinberg
a mathematical equation that can be used to calculate the genetic variation of a population at equilibrium; p^2 + 2pq + q^2 = 1
Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium
no mutation, random mating, no gene flow, infinite population size, and no selection.
incomplete dominance
the genetic phenomenon in which the distinct gene products from the two codominant alleles in a heterozygote blend to form a phenotype intermediate between those of the two homozygotes.
monohybrid cross
any cross involving just one gene.
P (parental generation)
the first set of parents crossed.
phenotype
the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.
phenotypic ratio
the ratio of different phenotypes present in the offspring of a cross.
polygenic inheritance
a characteristic, such as height or skin color, that is influenced by two or more genes.
