Unit 3, List 3

Question 1

cellular division

Answer 1

the process of making new body cells. Meiosis is the type of cell division that creates egg and sperm cells.

Question 2

egg cell

Answer 2

female reproductive cell, or gamete, in most anisogamous organisms

Question 3

epigenetic

Answer 3

how your behaviors and environment can cause changes that affect the way your genes work

Question 4

fertilization

Answer 4

when sperm and an egg join together

Question 5

genome

Answer 5

The complete set of DNA (genetic material) in an organism

Question 6

Inherited traits

Answer 6

eye color, skin color and texture, hair color and texture, height

Question 7

Multicellular organism

Answer 7

more than one cell

Question 8

sexual reproduction

Answer 8

the production of new organisms by the combination of genetic information of two individuals of different sexes

Question 9

sperm cell

Answer 9

male sex cells with three main parts: a head, midpiece and tail

Question 10

autosomal

Answer 10

the gene in question is located on one of the numbered, or non-sex, chromosomes

Question 11

complete dominance

Answer 11

a condition wherein the dominant allele completely masks the effect of the recessive allele

Question 12

dihybrid cross

Answer 12

a mating experiment between two organisms that are identically hybrid for two traits

Question 13

F1

Answer 13

the first filial generation seeds/plants or animal offspring resulting from a cross-mating of distinctly different parental types.

Question 14

F2

Answer 14

the second generation in seeds/plants

Question 15

genotype

Answer 15

the genetic makeup of an organism

Question 16

genotypic ratio

Answer 16

the proportional relationship between different genotypes that result from a genetic cross

Question 17

Hardy-Weinberg

Answer 17

a mathematical equation that can be used to calculate the genetic variation of a population at equilibrium

Question 18

Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium

Answer 18

a principle stating that the genetic variation in a population will remain constant from one generation to the next in the absence of disturbing factors.

Question 19

incomplete dominance

Answer 19

the genetic phenomenon in which the distinct gene products from the two codominant alleles in a heterozygote blend to form a phenotype intermediate between those of the two homozygotes.

Question 20

monohybrid cross

Answer 20

any cross involving just one gene

Question 21

P (parental) generation

Answer 21

the original pair of parents at the start of a genetic cross experiment

Question 22

phenotype

Answer 22

the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment.

Question 23

phenotypic ratio

Answer 23

the ratio of different phenotypes present in the offspring of a cross

Question 24

polygenic inheritance

Answer 24

a characteristic, such as height or skin color, that is influenced by two or more genes

Question 25

population

Answer 25

all the inhabitants of a particular town, area, or country.

Question 26

ratio

Answer 26

shows how many times one number contains another

Question 27

variation

Answer 27

a change or difference in condition, amount, or level, typically with certain limits.