Unit 1, list 2

Question 1

Autotroph

Answer 1

an organism that can produce its own food using light, water, carbon dioxide, or other chemicals.

Question 2

Light Reactions

Answer 2

the process of photosynthesis that converts energy from the sun into chemical energy in the form of NADPH and ATP.”

Question 3

Chlorophyll

Answer 3

a pigment present in all green plants and a few other organisms.

Question 4

Photosynthesis

Answer 4

the process by which green plants and certain other organisms transform light energy into chemical energy.

Question 5

Calvin cycle

Answer 5

the cycle of chemical reactions where the carbon from the carbon cycle is fixed into sugars.

Question 6

Electron Transport Chain

Answer 6

a series of four protein complexes that couple redox reactions, creating an electrochemical gradient that leads to the creation of ATP in a complete system named oxidative phosphorylation.

Question 7

NADPH

Answer 7

represents an important electron donor that is used in a variety of biological settings

Question 8

Pigment

Answer 8

any coloured material found in a plant or animal cell

Question 9

Granum

Answer 9

a coin-shaped stack of thylakoids, which are the membrane-like structures found inside the chloroplasts of plant cells

Question 10

Stomata

Answer 10

a pore or aperture surrounded by two guard cells that allow gas exchange.

Question 11

Carbon Fixation

Answer 11

the conversion of atmospheric carbon dioxide into organic molecules by autotrophic organisms.

Question 12

Heterotrophs

Answer 12

an organism that eats other plants or animals for energy and nutrients.

Question 13

Thylakoids

Answer 13

pouch-like sacs that are bound to a membrane in the chloroplasts of a plant cell

Question 14

Carotenoids

Answer 14

a class of more than 750 naturally occurring pigments synthesized by plants, algae, and photosynthetic bacteria

Question 15

Mitochondrial matrix

Answer 15

the mitochondrion internal spaces enclosed by the inner membrane.

Question 16

Aerobic respiration

Answer 16

A chemical process in which oxygen is used to make energy from carbohydrates (sugars)

Question 17

Fermentation

Answer 17

an enzyme catalyzed, metabolic process whereby organisms convert starch or sugar to alcohol or an acid anaerobically releasing energy

Question 18

NADH+

Answer 18

“nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD) + hydrogen (H)

Question 19

Alcoholic fermentation

Answer 19

the anaerobic transformation of fructose and glucose (sugars) into ethanol and carbon dioxide

Question 20

Glycolysis

Answer 20

A process in which glucose (sugar) is partially broken down by cells in enzyme reactions that do not need oxygen

Question 21

FADH2

Answer 21

a redox cofactor that is created during the Krebs cycle and utilized during the last part of respiration, the electron transport chain

Question 22

Anaerobic respiration

Answer 22

occurs without oxygen and releases less energy but more quickly than aerobic respiration

Question 23

Cellular respiration

Answer 23

a series of chemical reactions that break down glucose to produce ATP

Question 24

Krebs cycle

Answer 24

The process in which pyruvic acid is broken down into carbon dioxide in a series of energy-extracting reactions.

Question 25

Pyruvic acid

Answer 25

A colorless organic liquid formed by the breakdown of carbohydrates and sugars during cell metabolism

Question 26

Citric acid

Answer 26

a tricarboxylic acid that is propane-1,2,3-tricarboxylic acid bearing a hydroxy substituent at position 2

Question 27

ATP

Answer 27

the source of energy for use and storage at the cellular level.

Question 28

ADP

Answer 28

a biological molecule consisting of one adenine, one sugar, and two phosphates