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Lathallan N5 Biology > Unit 3 - Life on Earth > Flashcards

Unit 3 - Life on Earth Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The variety of life forms in a particular area. The higher it is the better

A

Biodiversity

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2
Q

Organisms which produce their own food source

A

Producers

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3
Q

Organisms which require to eat other organisms to survive

A

Consumer

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4
Q

Organism which only eats plant material

A

Herbivore

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5
Q

Organism which eats both plant and animal matter

A

Omnivore

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6
Q

Organism which only eats animals

A

Carnivore

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7
Q

Define the word:

Species

A

Organisms that can reproduce to have fertile offspring

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8
Q

The number of one species of organism in a habitat

A

Population

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9
Q

All the different species in a habitat

A

Community

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10
Q

Define the word:

Ecosystem

A

All the living organisms and non-living components in a particular habitat

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11
Q

Define the word:

Niche

A

The role an organism plays within a community

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12
Q

Intraspecific competition occurs between …

A

Members of the SAME species

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13
Q

Interspecific competition occurs between …

A

Members of different species

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14
Q

Give an example of something organisms would compete for

A

Sunlight (plants)
Habitat
Food
Mates

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15
Q

Why is intraspecific competition more intense than interspecific?

A

Organisms of the same species all require the exact same resources

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16
Q

Non-living factors that affect biodiversity.

A

Abtiotic factors

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17
Q

Examples of abiotic factors

A 
Temperature
OR
Light intensity
OR
pH
OR
Oxygen concentration
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18
Q

Examples of biotic factors

A 
Predation
OR
Grazing
OR
Food availability
OR
Disease
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19
Q

The place an organism lives

A

Habitat

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20
Q

A relationship between animals in which one hunts, kills and eats the other

A

Predation

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21
Q

A feeding relationship between two organisms in which one organism benefits and the host is harmed

A

Parasitism

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22
Q

Percentage of energy lost at each level of a food chain

A

90%

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23
Q

Percentage of the energy in food used for growth

A

10%

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24
Q

Ways in which energy is lost at each level in a food chain

A 
Heat
OR
Movement
OR
Undigested food
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25
Q

A diagram with the width of each bar representing the number of organisms at that feeding level in a food chain

A

Pyramid of numbers

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26
Q

A diagram with the width of each bar representing the total mass of organisms at each stage of a food chain

A

Pyramid of biomass

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27
Q

A method for sampling ground living invertebrates in an area by placing concealed pits for them to fall into

A

Pitfall traps

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28
Q

A square placed on the ground before counting the plants inside

A

Quadrat

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29
Q

Ways to reduce sampling error with quadrats or pitfall traps

A

Place randomly

Take many samples

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30
Q

Reason for sampling several times with a quadrat

A

Increase reliability

31
Q

Instruments used to measure abiotic factors

A 
Light meter
OR
Moisture meter
OR
pH meter
OR
Thermometer
32
Q

Helped to identify organisms

A

Biological keys

33
Q

Their presence or absence indicate environmental quality/levels of pollution

A

Indicator species

34
Q

Number of stages in photosynthesis

A

2

35
Q

First stage of photosynthesis in which water is split

A

Photolysis

36
Q

Molecule which traps light energy from the sun

A

Chlorophyll

37
Q

Leaf organelle which contains chlorophyll and is the site of photosynthesis

A

Chloroplast

38
Q

Energy rich molecule synthesised during the light reaction

A

ATP

39
Q

Type of energy in ATP

A

Chemical energy

40
Q

Required to synthesis ATP

A

ADP + Pi + energy

41
Q

Produced when water is split

A

Hydrogen and Oxygen (and energy)

42
Q

A by-product of water splitting that diffuses out of the leaf

A

Oxygen

43
Q

Carries hydrogen from the first to the second stage

A

Hydrogen Acceptor

44
Q

Second stage of photosynthesis where glucose is synthesised

A

Carbon fixation

45
Q

Controls the series of photosynthesis reactions

A

Enzymes

46
Q

Produced by water splitting and combines with carbon dioxide to produce glucose

A

Hydrogen

47
Q

Molecules required to produce glucose

A

Hydrogen, Carbon dioxide and ATP

48
Q

Product of photosynthesis that can be used in respiration or converted to other molecules

A

Glucose

49
Q

Structural carbohydrate used to make cell walls

A

Cellulose

50
Q

Storage carbohydrate in plants

A

Starch

51
Q

Word equation for photosynthesis

A

Water + Carbon dioxide —–> Glucose + Oxygen

52
Q

Term for an essential input in short supply that reduces the rate of photosynthesis

A

Limiting factor

53
Q

Limiting factor on a cloudy day in summer

A

Light intensity

54
Q

Limiting factor on a sunny day in winter

A

Temperature

55
Q

Three factors that may limit the rate of photosynthesis

A

Light intensity & temperature & carbon dioxide concentration

56
Q

Nitrate rich substances used by farmers to grow crops

A

Fertilisers

57
Q

Chemicals use by farmers to eradicate insects and weeds

A

Pesticides

58
Q

Process of fertilisers leaching into fresh water

A

Eutrophication

59
Q

Define the process of eutrophication

A
  1. Fertilisers wash into rivers and lakes
  2. Algal blooms grow and block out light
  3. Plants in water die and eaten by bacteria
  4. Bacteria use up available oxygen in water
  5. Animals may die due to lack of oxygen
60
Q

Technique involving gene alteration to reduce fertilisers

A

Genetic modification

61
Q

Term given to pesticides accumulating in food chains, causing increased toxicity

A

Bioaccumulation

62
Q

Random changes to genetic material that are the only source of new alleles

A

Mutation

63
Q

Environmental factors that increase the rate of mutation

A 
Radiation
OR
UV light
OR
X-rays
OR
Some chemicals
64
Q

An inherited characteristic that makes an organism well suited to survive in its environment

A

Adaptation

65
Q

Biological term for a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

A

Species

66
Q

Biological term for an organism best adapted to its environment surviving and passing on its favourable alleles to its offspring

A

Natural Selection

67
Q

Biological term for an organism best adapted to its environment surviving and passing on its favourable alleles to its offspring

A

Natural Selection
OR
Survival of the fittest

68
Q

Factors in the environment which make the survival of certain
individuals more likely than others

A

Selective pressures

69
Q

The process by which a new species can arise as a result of the isolation of a part of a population in an environment with different selection pressures

A

Speciation

70
Q

When part of a species is separated from the rest so that they cannot interbreed for a long period of time

A

Isolation

71
Q

A reason for different alleles arising in two isolated sub-populations

A

Mutations

72
Q

Biological term for the gradual change in the genetic make up of a population as a result of natural selection over many generations.

A

Evolution

73
Q

What results when different selection pressures select for
different mutations in two isolated sub-populations over a long period
of time?

A

Two different species

Lathallan N5 Biology (3 decks)

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