Unit 3 - Life on Earth

Question 1

The variety of life forms in a particular area

Answer 1

Biodiversity

Question 2

Living factors that affect biodiversity

Answer 2

Biotic factors

Question 3

Non-living factors that affect biodiversity

Answer 3

Abiotic factors

Question 4

Examples of biotic factors

Answer 4

Predation
OR
Grazing
OR
Food availability
OR
Disease

Question 5

Examples of abiotic factors

Answer 5

Temperature
OR
Light intensity
OR
pH
OR
Oxygen concentration

Question 6

All the living and non living factors in an area

Answer 6

Ecosystem

Question 7

The place an organism lives

Answer 7

Habitat

Question 8

Regions of the planet with similar climates, animals and plants

Answer 8

Biome

Question 9

Main influences determining the distribution of biomes

Answer 9

Temperature and rainfall

Question 10

ALL the organisms living in an area

Answer 10

community

Question 11

The role an organism plays within a community

Answer 11

Niche

Question 12

Result of two organisms that need the same resource (food)

Answer 12

Competition

Question 13

Type of competition between members of SAME species

Answer 13

Intraspecific

Question 14

Type of competition between members of DIFFERENT species

Answer 14

Interspecific

Question 15

Examples of resources which organisms compete for

Answer 15

Food
OR
Light
OR
Water
OR
Space

Question 16

A relationship between animals in which on hunts and kills the other

Answer 16

Predation

Question 17

A relationship between two organisms in which one benefits and the other is harmed

Answer 17

Parasitism

Question 18

Percentage of energy lost at each level of a food chain

Answer 18

90%

Question 19

Percentage of energy in food used for growth

Answer 19

10%

Question 20

Ways in which energy is lost from each level in a food chain

Answer 20

Heat
OR
Movement
OR
Undigested food

Question 21

A diagram with the width of each
bar representing the NUMBER of
organisms at that feeding level in a
food chain

Answer 21

Pyramid of numbers

Question 22

A diagram representing the total
energy contained in the organisms
at each feeding level

Answer 22

Pyramid of energy

Question 23

Organism that makes its own food by photosynthesis

Answer 23

Producer

Question 24

Organism that has to eat another organism to obtain energy

Answer 24

Consumer

Question 25

A plant eating organism

Answer 25

Herbivore

Question 26

An organism that eats both animals and plants

Answer 26

Omnivore

Question 27

An organism that eats animals

Answer 27

Carnivore

Question 28

All the organisms of ONE SPECIES living in an area

Answer 28

Population

Question 29

Molecule produced by plants using nitrogen from nitrates

Answer 29

Protein

Question 30

Example of a decomposer

Answer 30

Bacteria OR Fungi

Question 31

Man made nitrates use by farmers to increase crop yields

Answer 31

Fertilisers

Question 32

A method for sampling ground living insects/invertebrates

Answer 32

Pitfall trap

Question 33

A square placed on the ground to estimate number of plants

Answer 33

Quadrat

Question 34

Ways to reduce errors with sampling in quadrats and pitfall traps

Answer 34

Place randomly OR Take many samples

Question 35

Why do we repeat sampling

Answer 35

To increase reliability

Question 36

Instrument to measure pH of soil

Answer 36

pH meter

Question 37

Instrument to measure moisture of soil

Answer 37

moisture meter

Question 38

Instrument to measure air temperature

Answer 38

thermometer

Question 39

Ways to minimise error when using probes

Answer 39

Wipe between samples

Question 40

Name for random changes to DNA/Genetic material

Answer 40

Mutation

Question 41

Environmental factors that increase rate of mutation

Answer 41

``` Radiation OR UV light OR X-rays OR Some chemicals ```

Question 42

Differences in members of a species

Answer 42

Variation

Question 43

Inherited characteristic that makes and organism suited to survive in its environment

Answer 43

Adaptation

Question 44

Biological term for a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

Answer 44

Species

Question 45

Term for an organism that is best adapted to its environment and passes on favourable genes/alleles to offspring

Answer 45

Natural selection

Question 46

The process by which a new species can arise after isolation from part of a population

Answer 46

Speciation

Question 47

A reason for different alleles arising in two isolated populations

Answer 47

Mutations will occur in each population

Question 48

Term for gradual change in genetic makeup over many generations

Answer 48

Evolution

Question 49

Types of speciation barrier that may separate a population

Answer 49

``` Geographical (river/mountains) OR Reproductive (different mating displays) OR Ecological (plants prefer different light intensities) ```

Question 50

Effect of excess fertiliser leaching into fresh water

Answer 50

Eutrophication OR Algal bloom

Question 51

Effect of algal bloom on biodiversity

Answer 51

Plant and animal species will decrease due to decrease in light and oxygen

Question 52

Man made chemical used to kill of pests

Answer 52

Pesticides | Herbicides/insecticides/fungicides

Question 53

Use of natural predator to reduce or limit the number of pests

Answer 53

Biological control

Question 54

Plants that have gene inserted to protect against pests OR increase crop size

Answer 54

Genetically modified

Question 55

What is the waste product of water splitting?

Answer 55

Oxygen (released from stomata)

Question 56

Second stage of photosynthesis

Answer 56

Carbon fixation

Question 57

Controls the series of reactions in photosynthesis

Answer 57

Enzymes

Question 58

Produced by water splitting and combines with Carbon Dioxide to make glucose

Answer 58

Hydrogen

Question 59

Product of photosynthesis that can be used in respiration or converted to other molecules

Answer 59

Glucose

Question 60

Structural molecule used to make cell walls

Answer 60

Cellulose

Question 61

Storage carbohydrate in plants

Answer 61

Starch

Question 62

Word equation for photosynthesis

Answer 62

Carbon dioxide + Water -> Glucose + Oxygen

Question 63

Term for an essential input in short supply that reduces the rate of photosynthesis

Answer 63

Limiting factor

Question 64

Limiting factor on a cloudy day in summer

Answer 64

Light intensity

Question 65

Limiting factor on a sunny day in winter

Answer 65

Temperature

Question 66

Three factors that may limit the speed / rate of photosynthesis

Answer 66

Temperature, Light intensity, Carbon dioxide concentration