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CHS National 5 Biology > Unit 3 - Life on Earth > Flashcards

Unit 3 - Life on Earth Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

The variety of life forms in a particular area

A

Biodiversity

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2
Q

Living factors that affect biodiversity

A

Biotic factors

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3
Q

Non-living factors that affect biodiversity

A

Abiotic factors

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4
Q

Examples of biotic factors

A 
Predation
OR
Grazing
OR
Food availability
OR
Disease
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5
Q

Examples of abiotic factors

A 
Temperature
OR
Light intensity
OR
pH
OR
Oxygen concentration
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6
Q

All the living and non living factors in an area

A

Ecosystem

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7
Q

The place an organism lives

A

Habitat

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8
Q

Regions of the planet with similar climates, animals and plants

A

Biome

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9
Q

Main influences determining the distribution of biomes

A

Temperature and rainfall

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10
Q

ALL the organisms living in an area

A

community

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11
Q

The role an organism plays within a community

A

Niche

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12
Q

Result of two organisms that need the same resource (food)

A

Competition

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13
Q

Type of competition between members of SAME species

A

Intraspecific

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14
Q

Type of competition between members of DIFFERENT species

A

Interspecific

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15
Q

Examples of resources which organisms compete for

A 
Food
OR
Light
OR
Water
OR
Space
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16
Q

A relationship between animals in which on hunts and kills the other

A

Predation

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17
Q

A relationship between two organisms in which one benefits and the other is harmed

A

Parasitism

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18
Q

Percentage of energy lost at each level of a food chain

A

90%

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19
Q

Percentage of energy in food used for growth

A

10%

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20
Q

Ways in which energy is lost from each level in a food chain

A 
Heat
OR
Movement
OR
Undigested food
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21
Q

A diagram with the width of each
bar representing the NUMBER of
organisms at that feeding level in a
food chain

A

Pyramid of numbers

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22
Q

A diagram representing the total
energy contained in the organisms
at each feeding level

A

Pyramid of energy

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23
Q

Organism that makes its own food by photosynthesis

A

Producer

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24
Q

Organism that has to eat another organism to obtain energy

A

Consumer

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25
Q

A plant eating organism

A

Herbivore

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26
Q

An organism that eats both animals and plants

A

Omnivore

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27
Q

An organism that eats animals

A

Carnivore

28
Q

All the organisms of ONE SPECIES living in an area

A

Population

29
Q

Molecule produced by plants using nitrogen from nitrates

A

Protein

30
Q

Example of a decomposer

A

Bacteria
OR
Fungi

31
Q

Man made nitrates use by farmers to increase crop yields

A

Fertilisers

32
Q

A method for sampling ground living insects/invertebrates

A

Pitfall trap

33
Q

A square placed on the ground to estimate number of plants

A

Quadrat

34
Q

Ways to reduce errors with sampling in quadrats and pitfall traps

A

Place randomly
OR
Take many samples

35
Q

Why do we repeat sampling

A

To increase reliability

36
Q

Instrument to measure pH of soil

A

pH meter

37
Q

Instrument to measure moisture of soil

A

moisture meter

38
Q

Instrument to measure air temperature

A

thermometer

39
Q

Ways to minimise error when using probes

A

Wipe between samples

40
Q

Name for random changes to DNA/Genetic material

A

Mutation

41
Q

Environmental factors that increase rate of mutation

A 
Radiation
OR
UV light
OR
X-rays
OR
Some chemicals
42
Q

Differences in members of a species

A

Variation

43
Q

Inherited characteristic that makes and organism suited to survive in its environment

A

Adaptation

44
Q

Biological term for a group of organisms that can interbreed and produce fertile offspring

A

Species

45
Q

Term for an organism that is best adapted to its environment and passes on favourable genes/alleles to offspring

A

Natural selection

46
Q

The process by which a new species can arise after isolation from part of a population

A

Speciation

47
Q

A reason for different alleles arising in two isolated populations

A

Mutations will occur in each population

48
Q

Term for gradual change in genetic makeup over many generations

A

Evolution

49
Q

Types of speciation barrier that may separate a population

A 
Geographical (river/mountains)
OR
Reproductive (different mating displays)
OR
Ecological (plants prefer different light intensities)
50
Q

Effect of excess fertiliser leaching into fresh water

A

Eutrophication
OR
Algal bloom

51
Q

Effect of algal bloom on biodiversity

A

Plant and animal species will decrease due to decrease in light and oxygen

52
Q

Man made chemical used to kill of pests

A

Pesticides

Herbicides/insecticides/fungicides

53
Q

Use of natural predator to reduce or limit the number of pests

A

Biological control

54
Q

Plants that have gene inserted to protect against pests OR increase crop size

A

Genetically modified

55
Q

What is the waste product of water splitting?

A

Oxygen (released from stomata)

56
Q

Second stage of photosynthesis

A

Carbon fixation

57
Q

Controls the series of reactions in photosynthesis

A

Enzymes

58
Q

Produced by water splitting and combines with Carbon Dioxide to make glucose

A

Hydrogen

59
Q

Product of photosynthesis that can be used in respiration or converted to other molecules

A

Glucose

60
Q

Structural molecule used to make cell walls

A

Cellulose

61
Q

Storage carbohydrate in plants

A

Starch

62
Q

Word equation for photosynthesis

A

Carbon dioxide + Water -> Glucose + Oxygen

63
Q

Term for an essential input in short supply that reduces the rate of photosynthesis

A

Limiting factor

64
Q

Limiting factor on a cloudy day in summer

A

Light intensity

65
Q

Limiting factor on a sunny day in winter

A

Temperature

66
Q

Three factors that may limit the speed / rate of photosynthesis

A

Temperature, Light intensity, Carbon dioxide concentration

CHS National 5 Biology (3 decks)

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