Unit 2 - Multicellular organisms Flashcards
The basic unit of living things
Cells
An organism composed of many cells
multicellular
An organism composed of only one cell
unicellular
A group of similar cells (e.g. muscle cells) specialised for the same function
Tissue
Term for cells that do not yet have a function
non-specialised, or unspecialised
Several tissues working together to carry out a single function (e.g. heart)
Organ
Alternative name for cell division which provides new cells for growth and repair
Mitosis
Cells in animals that have a specific function
Specialised
Areas in plants that are the site of mitosis
Meristems
Where are the locations of meristems in plants?
Root tips and shoot tips
What is the purpose of meristems in plants?
Growth and repair
The brain and spinal cord make up
The central nervous system (CNS)
Part of the brain responsible for conscious thought, emotions and memory
Cerebrum
Area of the brain which controls balance and muscle co-ordination
Cerebellum
Part of the brain that controls breathing and heart rate
Medulla
Neuron that carries a electrical impulse from a receptor to the CNS
Sensory neuron
Neuron that carries an electrical impulse from CNS to a muscle or gland
Motor neuron
Fast response to danger
Reflex action
Order of a reflex action (three neurons involved)
Sensory neuron to relay neuron to motor neuron
A tiny gap between two neurons
Synapse
Type of message that travels across a synapse
Chemical
Glands that make and release hormones
Endocrine glands
Transports hormones from a endocrine gland to a target organ
Blood
Protein on the surface of a target cell that is complementary to a hormone (receptor)
Receptor
Organ that detects changes in blood glucose
Pancreas
If glucose increases in the blood, this hormone is produced by the pancreas
Insulin
If glucose decreases in the blood, this hormone is produced by the pancreas
Glucagon
Name of organ that stores glucose as glycogen
Liver
Term for the control of blood glucose
Regulation
Health condition due to failure to release insulin
Diabetes
Molecule made by joining many glucose molecules together
Glycogen
Biological term that means a double set of chromosomes
Diploid
Biological term that means a single (one) set of chromosomes
Haploid
Alternative name for sex cells
gametes
Female gamete in plants
Ovule
Male gamete in plants
Pollen
Gamete that has a tail to swim in search of female gamete
Sperm
Larger human gamete that has a food store for the development of a zygote
Egg
Part of the flower that makes pollen
Anther
Animal organ that produces sperm
Testes
Animal organ that makes eggs/ova
Ovary
Part of the flower that produces ovules
Ovary
Process of the fusion of male and female gametes
Fertilisation
First cell produced by fertilisation
Zygote
Differences between all the individuals in a species
Variation
Type of variation where there are two or more distinct groups (eye colour, blood type)
Discrete variation