Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

CHS National 5 Biology > Unit 2 - Multicellular organisms > Flashcards

Unit 2 - Multicellular organisms Flashcards

1
Q

The basic unit of living things

A

Cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

An organism composed of many cells

A

multicellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

An organism composed of only one cell

A

unicellular

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

A group of similar cells (e.g. muscle cells) specialised for the same function

A

Tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Term for cells that do not yet have a function

A

non-specialised, or unspecialised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Several tissues working together to carry out a single function (e.g. heart)

A

Organ

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Alternative name for cell division which provides new cells for growth and repair

A

Mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

Cells in animals that have a specific function

A

Specialised

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

Areas in plants that are the site of mitosis

A

Meristems

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Where are the locations of meristems in plants?

A

Root tips and shoot tips

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is the purpose of meristems in plants?

A

Growth and repair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

The brain and spinal cord make up

A

The central nervous system (CNS)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Part of the brain responsible for conscious thought, emotions and memory

A

Cerebrum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Area of the brain which controls balance and muscle co-ordination

A

Cerebellum

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Part of the brain that controls breathing and heart rate

A

Medulla

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Neuron that carries a electrical impulse from a receptor to the CNS

A

Sensory neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

Neuron that carries an electrical impulse from CNS to a muscle or gland

A

Motor neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Fast response to danger

A

Reflex action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

Order of a reflex action (three neurons involved)

A

Sensory neuron to relay neuron to motor neuron

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

A tiny gap between two neurons

A

Synapse

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Type of message that travels across a synapse

A

Chemical

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

Glands that make and release hormones

A

Endocrine glands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

Transports hormones from a endocrine gland to a target organ

A

Blood

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Protein on the surface of a target cell that is complementary to a hormone (receptor)

A

Receptor

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

Organ that detects changes in blood glucose

A

Pancreas

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

If glucose increases in the blood, this hormone is produced by the pancreas

A

Insulin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

If glucose decreases in the blood, this hormone is produced by the pancreas

A

Glucagon

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

Name of organ that stores glucose as glycogen

A

Liver

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

Term for the control of blood glucose

A

Regulation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

Health condition due to failure to release insulin

A

Diabetes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

Molecule made by joining many glucose molecules together

A

Glycogen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

Biological term that means a double set of chromosomes

A

Diploid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

Biological term that means a single (one) set of chromosomes

A

Haploid

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
34
Q

Alternative name for sex cells

A

gametes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
35
Q

Female gamete in plants

A

Ovule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
36
Q

Male gamete in plants

A

Pollen

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
37
Q

Gamete that has a tail to swim in search of female gamete

A

Sperm

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
38
Q

Larger human gamete that has a food store for the development of a zygote

A

Egg

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
39
Q

Part of the flower that makes pollen

A

Anther

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
40
Q

Animal organ that produces sperm

A

Testes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
41
Q

Animal organ that makes eggs/ova

A

Ovary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
42
Q

Part of the flower that produces ovules

A

Ovary

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
43
Q

Process of the fusion of male and female gametes

A

Fertilisation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
44
Q

First cell produced by fertilisation

A

Zygote

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
45
Q

Differences between all the individuals in a species

A

Variation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
46
Q

Type of variation where there are two or more distinct groups (eye colour, blood type)

A

Discrete variation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
47
Q

Type of variation with a wide range of values (Height, hand span)

A

Continuous variation

48
Q

Example of discrete variation

A

Gender OR Finger prints OR
Handedness OR Tongue rolling OR
Blood groups

49
Q

Example of continuous variation

A

Height OR Weight OR Leaf width

OR Hand span OR Seed size

50
Q

Short section of a chromosome that codes for a characteristic

A

Gene

51
Q

Term for several (more than one) gene working to produce continuous variation

A

Polygenic

52
Q

Different forms of a gene

A

Allele

53
Q

The appearance of an organism for a characteristic

A

Phenotype

54
Q

Alleles an organism has for a particular characteristic (usually written as BB, Bb, bb)

A

Genotype

55
Q

Allele whose effect always shows when present (BB, Bb)

A

Dominant

56
Q

Allele which is not dominant and only shows when dominant allele is not present (bb)

A

Recessive

57
Q

Both alleles for a characteristic are the same (BB or bb)

A

homozygous

58
Q

Alleles for a characteristic are different (Bb)

A

Heterozygous

59
Q

Symbol or letter for parents in a genetic cross

A

P

60
Q

Symbol for the first generation in a genetic cross

A

F1

61
Q

Symbol for Second generation in a genetic cross

A

F2

62
Q

Phenotype ratio from a cross between a heterozygous parent (Bb)
and a homozygous recessive parent (bb)

A

1:1

63
Q

Phenotype ratio from a cross between two heterozygous parents

A

3:1

64
Q

The number of 120 Drosophila flies from two heterozygous
parents that would be predicted to have the recessive characteristic
(3:1 ratio)

A

30 have recessive characteristic

65
Q

The number of 400 pea plants from a cross between a
heterozygous tall plant and a dwarf pea plant (double recessive)
that would be expected to be tall
(1:1 ratio)

A

200

66
Q

The reason why the predicted and
the actual results from a genetic
cross are often not the same

A

Fertilisation is a random process

67
Q

Reason plants need to transport water from roots to leaves

A 
Photosynthesis 
OR 
replacing water
Or
Transporting minerals
68
Q

Name of leaf cells that carry out photosynthesis

A

Palisade mesophyll cells

69
Q

Specialised root cells

A

Root hair cells

70
Q

Biological term for loss of water from root to leaves

A

Transpiration

71
Q

Thin layer of waterproof cells on top and bottom of leaf

A

Epidermal cells

72
Q

Small pores in leaf that allow gas exchange

A

Stomata

73
Q

Cells that control opening and closing of stomata

A

Guard cells

74
Q

Vessels that transport water in a plant

A

Xylem

75
Q

Chemical or molecule that provides support in xylem vessels

A

Lignin

76
Q

Living cells that transport sugar in a plant

A

Phloem

77
Q

What transports nutrients. oxygen and carbon dioxide around the body

A

Blood

78
Q

Pumps blood around the body

A

The heart

79
Q

Side of the heart that contains deoxygenated blood

A

Right

80
Q

The side of the heart that contains oxygenated blood

A

Left

81
Q

Where deoxygenated blood becomes oxygenated

A

Lungs

82
Q

Thin walled top chambers of the heart

A

Atrium / Atria

83
Q

Thick walled chambers at the bottom of the heart

A

Ventricles

84
Q

Prevents the back flow of blood

A

Valves

85
Q

Blood vessel that brings blood FROM the body to the right atrium

A

Vena Cava

86
Q

Blood vessel that transports blood from right ventrical to the lungs

A

Pulmonary artery

87
Q

Blood vessel that transports blood from the lungs to the left atrium

A

Pulmonary vein

88
Q

Blood vessel that transports blood from left ventricle to the body

A

Aorta

89
Q

Blood vessel that provides heart muscle with oxygen

A

Coronary artery

90
Q

Blood vessels with thick muscular walls that carry blood under high pressure

A

Arteries

91
Q

Blood vessels with thin walls and valves that carry blood under low pressure

A

Veins

92
Q

Blood vessels that are one cell thick that allow fast exchange of materials with cells

A

Capillaries

93
Q

What characteristic make capillaries good at exchanging materials with cells?

A

Thin walled

Large surface area

94
Q

Chemical in red blood cells that attract oxygen molecules

A

Haemoglobin

95
Q

Molecule formed when haemoglobin combines with oxygen

A

Oxyhaemoglobin

96
Q

What lines the trachea (windpipe)

A

Cartilage rings

97
Q

Parts of the lungs where gases are exchanged

A

Alveoli

98
Q

Molecule that diffuses from blood into lung alveoli

A

Carbon dioxide

99
Q

Molecule that diffuses from alveoli into the red blood cells

A

Oxygen

100
Q

Features of alveoli that make them efficient for gas exchange

A

Large surface area
Good blood supply
Thin walls

101
Q

Traps dirt and microorganisms in the lung airways

A

Mucus

102
Q

Sweeps mucus and trapped dirt out of the lung airways

A

Cilia

103
Q

Muscular contractions that move food through the digestive system

A

Peristalsis

104
Q

Structures in the small intestine that absorb broken down nutrients

A

Villi

105
Q

Characteristics of the villi in the small intestine making them efficient at absorbing food molecules

A

Large surface area
Good blood supply
Thin walled

106
Q

Molecules absorbed by capillaries in small intestine villi

A

glucose and amino acids

107
Q

Part of the villi that absorb fats

A

Lacteal

108
Q

Molecules absorbed by lacteal in small intestine villi

A

Broken down fats

109
Q

Biological terms for the process of cell division

A

Mitosis

110
Q

Two sets of matching chromosomes

A

Diploid

111
Q

Structures which carry genes and are found in the nucleus

A

Chromosomes

112
Q

Identical copies of a chromosome produced by replication that are joined together

A

Chromatid

113
Q

Centre of a cell where chromosomes line up

A

Equator

114
Q

Fibres which separate and pull chromatids to opposite poles

A

Spindle fibres

115
Q

What is the function of mitosis?

A

Provide new cells for growth and repair

CHS National 5 Biology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions