Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

N5 Biology > Unit 3 - Life on Earth > Flashcards

Unit 3 - Life on Earth Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is an Ecosystem?

A

A biological community of living organisms interacting with each other and their shared environment

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a community?

A

Populations of different species living together in one area.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is a population?

A

The number of individuals from a species living in one area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is biodiversity?

A

The variety of living organisms in one area

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is a habitat?

A

The place where an organism ives.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What are the two types of Ecosystems?

A

Aquatic and Terrestrial

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is a Aquatic ecosystem?

A

An ecosystem in a body of water

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a Terrestrial Ecosystem?

A

An ecosystem that occurs on land

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a producer?

A

An organism that makes their own food through the process of photosynthesis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What is a consumer?

A

An organism that eats other organisms to obtain a food source.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a herbivore?

A

An animal that eats ONLY plants

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a carnivore?

A

An animal that eats ONLY meat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is an omnivore?

A

An animal that eats BOTH plants and meat

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a predator?

A

Organisms which hunt and kill other animals for food.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is prey?

A

Organisms which are hunted and killed by predators

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is a food chain?

A

A linear chart which represents the flow of energy between organisms.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is a food web?

A

A food web is a diagram which represents the energy flow through a series of interconnected food chains.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is a niche?

A

The role each organism plays within a community

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When does competition occur?

A

When resources are in short supply

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What are the 2 main times of competition?

A

Inter-specific and Intra-specific

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What is Inter-specific competition?

A

Competition between members of different species

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is Inta-specific competition?

A

High intensity competition between members of the same species.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What do plants compete for?

A

Light Space

Water Minerals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What do animals compete for?

A

Water Food

Mates Territory

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What are biotic factors?

A

Living components of an ecosystem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

What are abiotic factors?

A

Non-living factors of an ecosystem

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

What do biotic and abiotic factors do?

A

They effect the distribution and biodiversity of organisms within an ecosystem.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
28
Q

What are examples of biotic factors?

A

Competition for resources Food availability
Predatation Disease
Grazing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
29
Q

What are examples of abiotic factors?

A

Temperature Light Intensity

Soil moisture pH

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
30
Q

What decreases the level of biodiversity?

A

Competition
Disease
Predation

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
31
Q

What increases the level of biodiversity?

A

Food availability
Light intensity
Grazing

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
32
Q

What happens when predator population increases?

A

Prey population decreases due to increased predatation on prey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
33
Q

What happens when prey population decreases?

A

Predator population also decreases due to less food being available for predators

34
Q

What equipment is used to measure temperature?

A

Thermometer

35
Q

What equipment is used to measure light intensity?

A

Light meter

36
Q

What equipment is used to measure soil moisture?

A

Moisture meter

37
Q

What equipment is used to measure soil pH?

A

pH meter

38
Q

What source of error can occur when using a light meter?

A

Shading the light meter

39
Q

What source of error can occur when using a moisture/pH meter?

A

Probes not being cleaned in between readings

40
Q

What source of error can occur when using a thermometer?

A

Inadequate time to read temperature.

41
Q

Why do scientists need to sample an ecosystem?

A

So they have an idea of the number of species that exist across the globe and understand how different ecosystems work.

42
Q

What are quadrats used for?

A

They are used to estimate the abundance of various plant species within a given area

43
Q

What are pitfall traps used for?

A

They are used to estimate the abundance of small invertebrates within a given area.

44
Q

What are paired statement keys?

A

A series of yes and no questions used to identify sampled organisms based on their physical appearance.

45
Q

What are indicator species?

A

Species that, by their presence or absence indicate levels of environmental quality.

46
Q

What is photosynthesis?

A

Photosynthesis is a series of enzyme controlled reactions

47
Q

Where does photosynthesis take place?

A

Photosynthesis takes place in the chloroplast of plant cells.

48
Q

What are the 2 stages of photosynthesis?

A
  1. Light reactions

2. Carbon fixatition

49
Q

What is the word equation for photosynthesis?

A

Light Energy
Carbon dioxide + water ————————————–> Sugar + Oxygen
Absorbed by chlorophyll

50
Q

What is chlorophyll?

A

Chlorophyll is a green pigment required to adsorb light energy.

51
Q

What is the word equation for Light Reactions (photosynthesis) ?

A

Carbon dioxide + water —————-> Sugar and oxygen

52
Q

What is passed on from stage 1 to stage 2 (photosynthesis) ?

A

Hydrogen and ATP

53
Q

What is water split into during stage 1 (Photosynthesis) ?

A

Hydrogen and oxygen

54
Q

What happens to excess water during stage 1 (Photosynthesis) ?

A

Diffuses out of the cell.

55
Q

What is the word equation for stage 2 (photosynthesis) ?

A

Carbon dioxide + Water ————————> Sugar + Oxygen

56
Q

What is carbon fixation (photosynthesis) ?

A

A series of enzyme controlled reactions that combine Hydrogen with carbon dioxide to produce sugar.

57
Q

What provides the energy required for carbon fixation?

A

ATP produced in stage 1 (photosynthesis).

58
Q

What are the three different fates of glucose?

A

Glucose - Instant energy source for respiration
Starch - Storage energy molecule
Cellulose - Structural carbohydrate in plant cell walls.

59
Q

What does the presence of starch in plant cells indicate?

A

That photosynthesis has taken place inside the plant cell.

60
Q

What can be monitored to measure the rate of photosynthesis ?

A
  1. Increase in dry mass over a period of time
  2. Volume of oxygen production
  3. Volume of carbon dioxide uptake.
61
Q

What are three environmental factors that effect photosynthesis?

A
  1. Light intensity
  2. CO 2 Uptake
  3. Temperature
62
Q

What is the effect of limiting factors?

A

Limiting factors decrease the rate at which photosynthesis takes place and the overall growth of the plant.

63
Q

Where is energy store in a food web?

A

At each link in the food web.

64
Q

How much energy is lost at each stage of the food chain?

A

90% of energy is lost through respiration,movement,heat and faeces.

65
Q

What is a pyramid of numbers?

A

A pyramid is a diagram which represents the amount of each living organism. With the producer on the bottom, the primary consumer above that etc….

66
Q

What is a pyramid of energy?

A

A pyramid of energy is used to show the flow of energy through an ecosystem.

67
Q

What can be used to increase food yield?

A

Pesticides and fertilisers.

68
Q

What are nitrates used for?

A

Making proteins.

69
Q

What do fertilisers do?

A

Fertilisers that are added to soil provide chemicals like nitrates to increase crop yield.

70
Q

What does genetically modified mean?

A

To add a gene from one organism into another organism.

71
Q

Why might GM crops be used?

A

To reduce the use of fertilisers.

72
Q

What are the benefits of GM crops?

A
  • Increase crop yield
  • Kill pest species if crop is eaten.
  • Grow in soil with low nitrates.
73
Q

What are pesticides?

A

Pesticides are chemicals that are sprayed into crops to kill pest species that feed on crops.

74
Q

What is bio-accumulation?

A

Bio-accumulation is where pesticides that are sprayed onto crops can build up in the bodies of organisms over time.

75
Q

What is biological control?

A

Biological control uses natural predators of a pest species as a way to keep their population sizes low.

76
Q

What are the risks of biological control?

A
  • Control species might not survive the new environment.
  • Control might bring diseases killing crops
  • Control species may become pest species.
77
Q

What is genetic variation?

A

Members of the same species are varied because of slightly different versions of the same gene.

78
Q

What are mutations?

A

Mutations are spontaneous random changes to the genetic material of an organism.

79
Q

What might increase mutation rate?

A

Radiation - UV rays & Gamma rays

Chemical - Bromine & Nicotine

80
Q

What is an allele?

A

A form of a gene.

81
Q

What is adaptation?

A

An inherited characteristic that makes an organism well suited to surviving in it’s environment/niche.

82
Q

What is Speciation?

A

When two or more species are formed from one original

species.

N5 Biology (3 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions