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N5 Biology > Unit 1 - Cell Biology > Flashcards

Unit 1 - Cell Biology Flashcards

1
Q

What is the enzyme word equation?

A

Substrate - Enzyme - Product

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2
Q

What is a synthesis reaction?

A

A build up of a large molecule from smaller molecules

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3
Q

What is a degradation reaction?

A

The breakdown of large molecules.

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4
Q

What happens to enzymes at high temperatures?

A

They become denatured and will never work again.

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5
Q

What is a chromosome?

A

They are long DNA molecules which hold genetic material and are found in the nucleus of a cell.

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6
Q

What determines the function of a protein?

A

The order of amino acids

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7
Q

What are genes?

A

A length of DNA with a specific location on a chromosome.

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8
Q

What is DNA?

A

It is a large and complex structure which carries genetic code that determines characteristics of a living thing.

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9
Q

What is the phospholorylase build up word equation?

A

Gulcose1-phosphate —–> Starch

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10
Q

What are proteins made of?

A

Amino acids

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11
Q

What is the word equation for catalyse?

A

Hydrogen pereoxide ——–> Water + Oxygen

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12
Q

What is the messenger DNA called?

A

mRNA

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13
Q

What is the job of mRNA?

A

To carry a copy of the genetic code out of the nucleus and to a ribosome.

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14
Q

What are the four bases?

A

Adenine Thymine

Guanine Cytosine

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15
Q

How many different types of amino acids are there?

A

20

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16
Q

How many substrates does one enzyme work with?

A

1 because enzymes are specific

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17
Q

What is amylase specific to?

A

Starch

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18
Q

What are the 5 functions of proteins?

A 
Structural - Shape
Hormones - Messengers
Antibodies - Protect
Receptors - Receive signals
Enzymes - Speed up reactions
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19
Q

What is the optimum?

A

The conditions in which an enzyme works best.

20
Q

What is diffusion?

A

Movement of molecules from a region of high concentration to low concentration.

21
Q

What is an example of a molecule which diffuses?

22
Q

What is plasmolysed?

A

When the cell membrane pulls away from the cell wall.

23
Q

What is the formula for working out the size of a cell?

A

Field of view
————————- = Length of 1 cell (mm)
Number of cells

24
Q

What are cell walls made of?

A

Celluulose

25
What is the cell membrne?
The thin flexible membrane which encloses the cell contents.
26
What is Osmosis?
The diffusion of water from an area of high concentration to a area of low concentration.
27
What is the % Mass Formula?
Change in mass ------------------------ x100 Initial mass
28
What are the effects of osmosis on plant cells?
Dilute = Turgid No Effect = Same Concentrated = Flaccid
29
What are the effects of Osmosis in animal cells?
Distilled water = Cells swells and bursts | Concentrated slat = Shrink and shrivel
30
What is Active Transport?
Movement of molecules from an area of low concentration to an area of high concentration. This process requires energy.
31
What is an example a molecule that uses of osmosis?
Water
32
What is a cell membrane made of?
A bi-layer of phospholipids with proteins
33
What is the function of a capsule?
Provides additional protection from the environment.
34
What is an example of something active transport?
Sodium and potassium
35
What are 3 examples of Genetic engineering?
- Insulin. - Delay softening of fruits. - rapeseed oil - becomes less toxic
36
How many ATP molecules does glucose release during Aerobic respiration?
38 ATP
37
What is the pathway of Fermentation?
Pyruvate --------> Ethanol and CO2 OR Lactace | (Plant and Fungal) (Animal)
38
What is Genetic Engineering?
It is the transfer of genetic information from one cell to another.
39
What is the word equation of Glucose?
Glucose -------> Pyruvate --------> Ethanol & CO2
40
What is the word equation of aerobic respiration?
Glucose + Oxygen --------> Water + CO2 | Energy
41
How many ATP molecules are produced during fermentation?
2
42
What are the 8 stages of genetic engineering?
- Identify DNA. - Extract . - Collect bacteria. - Remove plasmid. - Insert the different enzyme. - Put the plasmid in the host. - Allow to multiply. - Extract and Purify.
43
What is transformed?
A cell that has been introduced
44
What is insulin?
A valuable product made by transformed bacteria
45
What is the word equation for ATP?
ADP + Pi ATP

N5 Biology (3 decks)

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