Unit 3 Lecture Flashcards by Alyicia Ewing

Q

what are the 5 elements of PT evaluation?

A

examination
evaluation
diagnosis
prognosis
interventions

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Q

which element of the PT eval is being described?

gathering subjective & objective data (pt history, systems review, tests & measures)

A

examination

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Q

which element of the PT eval is being described?

clinical judgement of the pt based on data from the examination

A

evaluation

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Q

which element of the PT eval is being described?

process of evaluation of the examination data
the first conclusion the PT reaches after evaluating the data is the physical therapy problem

A

diagnosis

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Q

which element of the PT eval is being described?

PT judgement of the ability of the pt to have optimal improvement
goes in the assessment portion of the SOAP note
how well does the PT think the pt will do/respond/improve from physical therapy

A

prognosis

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Q

which element of the PT eval is being described?

skilled treatment techniques that make the POC

A

interventions

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Q

when the PT is performing the initial examination, the PT must document…

A

goals, outcomes, and treatment plans

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Q

when the PT is performing the initial evaluation, the PT must document…

A

interim or progress levels

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Q

when the PT is performing the interim re-eval, the PT must document…

A

changes in POC

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Q

when the PT is performing the discharge exam/eval, the PT must document…

A

discharge paperwork

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Q

what can the PTA do to assist the PT during evals?

A

take notes to help gather subjective info
take measurement & perform tests
record results of tests & measures

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Q

what can the PTA NOT do to assist the PT during evals?

A

interpret results from any test or measure

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Q

what are the 3 documents that can assist with the scope of practice?

A

Problem Solving Algorithm PTAs Patient Intervention
PTA Supervision Algorithm Chart
PTA Direction Algorithm Chart

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Q

what are the 4 types of pain scales?

A

numerical scale
visual analog scale
faces pain scale
mccill pain questionnaire

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Q

what is the ICD 10 code?

A

69,000 diagnosis codes
each code is 3-7 characters (ex: S86.011D)

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Q

what is the ICF?

A

links the pt’s medical condition to function
looks at what function is lost or impacted by condition or disease

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Q

what does A, B, C, & D stand for in the POC?

A

A: audience
B: behavior
C: condition
D: degree

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Q

the position of your body parts in relation to each other at any given time
deals with the alignment of various body segments

A

posture

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Q

describe the ideal skeletal alignment

A

centers the body’s COG over its BOS

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Q

what is the normal posture at birth?

A

primary curve of back (thoracic & sacral curves)

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Q

what are secondary curve forms?

A

cervical & lumbar

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Q

what type of postural assessment is being described?

should begins as soon as you see pt
pt is unaware
can be observed in sitting, standing, & walking
allows you to get a sense of “real posture”

A

informal postural assessment

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Q

what type of postural assessment is being described?

plumb line/grid
pt should be standing
remove shoes
ask pt to stand as they normally would

A

formal postural assessment

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Q

what are the most involved muscles of posture (antigravity muscles)?

A

neck extensors
hip extensors
knee extensors

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what are the less involved muscles of posture?

neck flexors trunk flexors

what pathology is being described? - trunk laterally bends & pulls pelvis up on unsupported side - hip abductors pull pelvis down on WB side - pelvis may drop on each side while walking, but when standing stationary with equal WB the pelvis should be level

lateral pelvic tilt

high ___ & a narrow ___ tend to increase the amount of postural sway

COG; BOS

using a plumb line, which view of alignment is being described? - through the earlobe - through the tip of acromion process - thoracic spine - anterior to vertebral bodies - lumbar spine - through the vertebral bodies - through the greater trochanter - slightly posterior to patella - slightly anterior to lateral malleolus

lateral view

describe lordotic back

anterior pelvic tilt slight hyperextension of tilt

describe flat back

posterior pelvic tilt slight hyperextension of hips & knees

describe swayback

forward shifted pelvis hyperextended hips & knees

disc pressure is the least in what position?

supine

what positions cause disc pressure to increase?

as you stand as you sit (to 1/2 of amount of pressure in standing) as you lean forward in sitting

which position causes a 25% increase in disc pressure?

supine

which position causes a 75% increase in disc pressure?

sidelying

which position causes a 100% increase in disc pressure?

standing

which position causes a 140% increase in disc pressure?

sitting

which position causes a 185% increase in disc pressure?

sitting in a flexed posture

which position causes a 275% increase in disc pressure?

sitting, bending forward, and lifting

as lumbar curve decreases, what happens to the pressure on the intervertebral discs & posterior surfaces?

pressure increases

the dynamic process by which the body's position is maintained in equilibrium (either at rest or in motion)

balance

balance is greatest when ___ is maintained over its ___

COG; BOS

wide stance _________ stability

increases

narrow stance _________ stability

decreases

COG is approximately anterior to

S2

the greatest distance a person can lean away from the BOS without changing that base

limits of stability

what are the anterior, posterior, and lateral limits of stability for a normal adult?

12 degrees anterior & posterior 16 degrees lateral

what are the 3 sensory inputs that balance requires?

visual somatosensory vestibular

what balance system requirement is being described? *gives information related to:* - position of head relative to the environment - orientation of the head to maintain level gaze - direction & speed of head movements

visual system

what balance system requirement is being described? *provides information about:* - position & motion of the body & body parts relative to each other AND the support surface - when surface is flat & fixed information is well received - when surface is moving (must use other inputs to provide correct feedback)

somatosensory system

what balance system requirement is being described? - position & movement of head in respect to gravity & inertial forces *semicircular canal: angular acceleration of head* *otoliths: linear acceleration & head position*

vestibular system

when information from a system is incorrect, the CNS must determine which info is accurate by suppressing the inaccurate information

sensory organization

what are the types of balance control?

- static - dynamic - automatic postural reactions - feedforward - anticipatory control - closed loop control

what type of balance control is being described? at rest (sitting/standing)

static

what type of balance control is being described? while the support surface or body is moving

dynamic

what type of balance control is being described? - keeps you in control in response to unexpected external perturbations - occurs to keep COG within BOS - occurs quick and is NOT under voluntary control

automatic postural reactions

what type of balance control is being described? movement that occurs too fast for sensory feedback (reactive responses)

feedforward

what type of balance control is being described? - activation of postural muscles before performing a movement (getting ready) - fires the postural set for success

anticipatory control

what type of balance control is being described? used for precise movements that require sensory feedback (ex: balance beam)

closed loop control

how we weight shift in order to prepare for a self-initiated perturbation (under conscious control)

volitional postural movements

what are the 3 main strategies used to prevent falls

- ankle strategy - hip strategy - stepping strategy

which strategy is being described? - used with slow, small perturbations - used on level surfaces - distal ankle mm to proximal hip mm recruitment - must have 5-10 degrees of DF

ankle strategy

the following exercises promote the use of what strategy? - standing sway - slow perturbations - stepping over small objects - addition of head, eye, & UE movements - reaching forward & leaning backward

ankle strategy

what strategy is being described? - used on narrow surfaces - used with fast perturbations - muscle activity is proximal to distal - need 30 degrees of hip flexion & 5 degrees of hip extension

hip strategy

the following exercises promote the use of what strategy? - standing on a 2x4 - moderate to rapid perturbations - tandem standing/walking - large anterior/posterior weight shifts - SLS

hip strategy

what strategy is being described? - new sway envelope - used with perturbations that take the COG outside of the BOS

stepping strategy

the following exercises promote the use of what strategy? - sways with steps (multi-directional) - tandem walking - stepping over things - walking on uneven surfaces - large, fast perturbations that are expected & then unexpected

stepping strategy