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Patient Care Skills > Unit 3 Lecture > Flashcards

Unit 3 Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

what are the 5 elements of PT evaluation?

A

examination
evaluation
diagnosis
prognosis
interventions

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2
Q

which element of the PT eval is being described?

gathering subjective & objective data (pt history, systems review, tests & measures)

A

examination

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3
Q

which element of the PT eval is being described?

clinical judgement of the pt based on data from the examination

A

evaluation

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4
Q

which element of the PT eval is being described?

  • process of evaluation of the examination data
  • the first conclusion the PT reaches after evaluating the data is the physical therapy problem
A

diagnosis

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5
Q

which element of the PT eval is being described?

  • PT judgement of the ability of the pt to have optimal improvement
  • goes in the assessment portion of the SOAP note
  • how well does the PT think the pt will do/respond/improve from physical therapy
A

prognosis

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6
Q

which element of the PT eval is being described?

skilled treatment techniques that make the POC

A

interventions

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7
Q

when the PT is performing the initial examination, the PT must document…

A

goals, outcomes, and treatment plans

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8
Q

when the PT is performing the initial evaluation, the PT must document…

A

interim or progress levels

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9
Q

when the PT is performing the interim re-eval, the PT must document…

A

changes in POC

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10
Q

when the PT is performing the discharge exam/eval, the PT must document…

A

discharge paperwork

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11
Q

what can the PTA do to assist the PT during evals?

A

take notes to help gather subjective info
take measurement & perform tests
record results of tests & measures

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12
Q

what can the PTA NOT do to assist the PT during evals?

A

interpret results from any test or measure

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13
Q

what are the 3 documents that can assist with the scope of practice?

A

Problem Solving Algorithm PTAs Patient Intervention
PTA Supervision Algorithm Chart
PTA Direction Algorithm Chart

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14
Q

what are the 4 types of pain scales?

A

numerical scale
visual analog scale
faces pain scale
mccill pain questionnaire

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15
Q

what is the ICD 10 code?

A
  • 69,000 diagnosis codes
  • each code is 3-7 characters (ex: S86.011D)
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16
Q

what is the ICF?

A
  • links the pt’s medical condition to function
  • looks at what function is lost or impacted by condition or disease
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17
Q

what does A, B, C, & D stand for in the POC?

A

A: audience
B: behavior
C: condition
D: degree

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18
Q
  • the position of your body parts in relation to each other at any given time
  • deals with the alignment of various body segments
A

posture

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19
Q

describe the ideal skeletal alignment

A

centers the body’s COG over its BOS

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20
Q

what is the normal posture at birth?

A
  • primary curve of back (thoracic & sacral curves)
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21
Q

what are secondary curve forms?

A

cervical & lumbar

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22
Q

what type of postural assessment is being described?

  • should begins as soon as you see pt
  • pt is unaware
  • can be observed in sitting, standing, & walking
  • allows you to get a sense of “real posture”
A

informal postural assessment

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23
Q

what type of postural assessment is being described?

  • plumb line/grid
  • pt should be standing
  • remove shoes
  • ask pt to stand as they normally would
A

formal postural assessment

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24
Q

what are the most involved muscles of posture (antigravity muscles)?

A

neck extensors
hip extensors
knee extensors

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25
Q

what are the less involved muscles of posture?

A

neck flexors
trunk flexors

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26
Q

what pathology is being described?

  • trunk laterally bends & pulls pelvis up on unsupported side
  • hip abductors pull pelvis down on WB side
  • pelvis may drop on each side while walking, but when standing stationary with equal WB the pelvis should be level
A

lateral pelvic tilt

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27
Q

high ___ & a narrow ___ tend to increase the amount of postural sway

A

COG; BOS

28
Q

using a plumb line, which view of alignment is being described?

  • through the earlobe
  • through the tip of acromion process
  • thoracic spine - anterior to vertebral bodies
  • lumbar spine - through the vertebral bodies
  • through the greater trochanter
  • slightly posterior to patella
  • slightly anterior to lateral malleolus
A

lateral view

29
Q

describe lordotic back

A

anterior pelvic tilt
slight hyperextension of tilt

30
Q

describe flat back

A

posterior pelvic tilt
slight hyperextension of hips & knees

31
Q

describe swayback

A

forward shifted pelvis
hyperextended hips & knees

32
Q

disc pressure is the least in what position?

A

supine

33
Q

what positions cause disc pressure to increase?

A

as you stand
as you sit (to 1/2 of amount of pressure in standing)
as you lean forward in sitting

34
Q

which position causes a 25% increase in disc pressure?

A

supine

35
Q

which position causes a 75% increase in disc pressure?

A

sidelying

36
Q

which position causes a 100% increase in disc pressure?

A

standing

37
Q

which position causes a 140% increase in disc pressure?

A

sitting

38
Q

which position causes a 185% increase in disc pressure?

A

sitting in a flexed posture

39
Q

which position causes a 275% increase in disc pressure?

A

sitting, bending forward, and lifting

40
Q

as lumbar curve decreases, what happens to the pressure on the intervertebral discs & posterior surfaces?

A

pressure increases

41
Q

the dynamic process by which the body’s position is maintained in equilibrium (either at rest or in motion)

A

balance

42
Q

balance is greatest when ___ is maintained over its ___

A

COG; BOS

43
Q

wide stance _________ stability

A

increases

44
Q

narrow stance _________ stability

A

decreases

45
Q

COG is approximately anterior to

A

S2

46
Q

the greatest distance a person can lean away from the BOS without changing that base

A

limits of stability

47
Q

what are the anterior, posterior, and lateral limits of stability for a normal adult?

A

12 degrees anterior & posterior
16 degrees lateral

48
Q

what are the 3 sensory inputs that balance requires?

A

visual
somatosensory
vestibular

49
Q

what balance system requirement is being described?

gives information related to:
- position of head relative to the environment
- orientation of the head to maintain level gaze
- direction & speed of head movements

A

visual system

50
Q

what balance system requirement is being described?

provides information about:
- position & motion of the body & body parts relative to each other AND the support surface
- when surface is flat & fixed information is well received
- when surface is moving (must use other inputs to provide correct feedback)

A

somatosensory system

51
Q

what balance system requirement is being described?

  • position & movement of head in respect to gravity & inertial forces

semicircular canal: angular acceleration of head
otoliths: linear acceleration & head position

A

vestibular system

52
Q

when information from a system is incorrect, the CNS must determine which info is accurate by suppressing the inaccurate information

A

sensory organization

53
Q

what are the types of balance control?

A
  • static
  • dynamic
  • automatic postural reactions
  • feedforward
  • anticipatory control
  • closed loop control
54
Q

what type of balance control is being described?

at rest (sitting/standing)

A

static

55
Q

what type of balance control is being described?

while the support surface or body is moving

A

dynamic

56
Q

what type of balance control is being described?

  • keeps you in control in response to unexpected external perturbations
  • occurs to keep COG within BOS
  • occurs quick and is NOT under voluntary control
A

automatic postural reactions

57
Q

what type of balance control is being described?

movement that occurs too fast for sensory feedback (reactive responses)

A

feedforward

58
Q

what type of balance control is being described?

  • activation of postural muscles before performing a movement (getting ready)
  • fires the postural set for success
A

anticipatory control

59
Q

what type of balance control is being described?

used for precise movements that require sensory feedback (ex: balance beam)

A

closed loop control

60
Q

how we weight shift in order to prepare for a self-initiated perturbation (under conscious control)

A

volitional postural movements

61
Q

what are the 3 main strategies used to prevent falls

A
  • ankle strategy
  • hip strategy
  • stepping strategy
62
Q

which strategy is being described?

  • used with slow, small perturbations
  • used on level surfaces
  • distal ankle mm to proximal hip mm recruitment
  • must have 5-10 degrees of DF
A

ankle strategy

63
Q

the following exercises promote the use of what strategy?

  • standing sway
  • slow perturbations
  • stepping over small objects
  • addition of head, eye, & UE movements
  • reaching forward & leaning backward
A

ankle strategy

64
Q

what strategy is being described?

  • used on narrow surfaces
  • used with fast perturbations
  • muscle activity is proximal to distal
  • need 30 degrees of hip flexion & 5 degrees of hip extension
A

hip strategy

65
Q

the following exercises promote the use of what strategy?

  • standing on a 2x4
  • moderate to rapid perturbations
  • tandem standing/walking
  • large anterior/posterior weight shifts
  • SLS
A

hip strategy

66
Q

what strategy is being described?

  • new sway envelope
  • used with perturbations that take the COG outside of the BOS
A

stepping strategy

67
Q

the following exercises promote the use of what strategy?

  • sways with steps (multi-directional)
  • tandem walking
  • stepping over things
  • walking on uneven surfaces
  • large, fast perturbations that are expected & then unexpected
A

stepping strategy

Patient Care Skills (3 decks)

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