Unit 3: Jeapordy Flashcards
What is the only inspiration muscle that does not life the rib cage?
diaphragm
What is the form that most CO2 is carried in the blood?
Bicarbonate ions
What is a rib muscle associated with forced expatriation?
internal intercostals
What is the normal amount of air that one moves in or out of the lungs each breath?
tidal volume
What is an expiratory muscle that is also an important lumbar spine stabilizer?
transverse abdominus
What is the amount of air left in the lungs after a normal expiration?
functional residual capacity
What is the pressure that keeps the lungs inflated against the chest wall?
negative pleural pressure
What is responsible for 2/3 of the collapse tenancy of the lung?
surface tension (other 1/3 is elastic fibers/CT)
How many bronchopulmonary segments in the lungs?
10 per lung
What muscle not only assists with inspiration but it allows you to turn the head in both directions?
SCM
What muscles allow us to cough by pulling down on the rib cage?
expiratory muscles
- rectus abdominis
- internal intercostals
- ???maybe more
What is a gas that is 20x more soluble in aqueous fluid compared to oxygen?
carbon dioxide
What is nitrogen’s solubility in aqueous fluid compared to Oxygen?
about half
What molecule in the RBC that is responsible for the bulk of the oxygen transport?
hemoglobin
What is the pressure that is a measure of the recoil tendency of the lung?
transpulmonary pressure
What is the maximum amount of air one can exchange in any given ventilatory cycle?
Vital capacity
What sets the basic drive of ventilation?
Dorsal respiratory group (DRG)
What normally limits the duration of inspiration?
pneumotaxic center
What is the substance that reduces surface tension forces in the lung, making lung expansion easier?
surfactant
About 20% of metabolized oxygen ends up as what?
metabolic water
What is responsible for the majority of the ventilatory response to an elevation of arterial PCO2?
(PCO2 is greater than 40 mm Hg)
central chemosensitive area (in brain stem)
What are responsive to hypoxia and hypercapnia?
peripheral chemosensors
What is a gas that out competes (250x) oxygen fro bindings sites on hemoglobin and can decrease oxygen carrying capacity of the blood significantly?
carbon monoxide
What is the major stimulator of chemoreceptors when inside these cells?
the hydrogen ions
it is not the CO2 when it is w/in the cell
What provides lubrication b/w the pleura?
pleural fluid
What is associated with interstitial fluid filling the alveoli?
pulmonary edema (can result in alveolar filling)
What is the reason that the left ventricle pumps 1% more than the right ventricle?
some bronchial artery blood drains into the pulmonary veins
this is normal, and is a very short circuit
