unit 3: investigative biology KA 1-3: Scientific principles and process, Experimentation, and Reporting and critical evaluation of biological research Flashcards
scientific cycle definition
observation; connstruction of a testable hypothesis; experimental design; gathering, recording and analysis of data; evaluation of reults and conclusion; the formation of a revised hypothesis where necessary
what is a null hypothesis
the null hypothesis proposed that there will be no statistically significant effect as a result of the experiment treatment
what is peer review
specialists with expertise in the relevant field assess the scientific quality of a submitted manuscript and make recommendations regarding its suitability for publication
what are review articles
summarises current knowledge and recent findings in a particular field
what is a primary paper
a report on the results of an experiment by the person or group who performed it
describe the process of peer reveiw
other scientists, who are specialists with expertice in the relavent feild asess the scientific quality of a submitted manuscript & make recomendations regarding its sutability for publication
name the 3 R’s that must be considered when conducting animal studies
-reduction
-replacement
-refinement
what does reduction mean when conducting animal studies
reduce the number of animals in a study (without compromising the alidity or reliability)
what does replacement mean when conducting animal studies
avoid using animals when an alternitive cellular module system exists
what does refinement mean when conducting animal studies
techniques should be adjusted to minimise harm to animals
name the key points that must be followed when conducting human studies
-confidentiality
-the right to withdraw data
-informed consent (do they agree to take part and do they know what possible consequences could be)
what does the term valididty mean
variables controlled so that any measured effect is likely to be due to the independant variable
what does the term reliability mean
consistent values in repeats and independant replicates
what does the term accuracy mean
data, or means of data sets, are close to true value
what does the term precision mean
measured values are close to each other
what is a pilot study
a small scale study conducted to refine values for independent and controlled variables prior to conducting an experiment
what is an independent variable
an independent variable is the variable that is changed in a scientific experiment