Unit 3: International Law Unit Test Review

Question 1

Economic Sanctions

Answer 1

economic penalties that can be imposed on a nation for a breach of international law

Question 2

War Crimes

Answer 2

offences that take place during an armed conflict that violate international las of war

Question 3

Trade Boycott

Answer 3

a form of protest whereby people refrain from buying or using the goods or services of a particular country or organization in order to pressure it to change its behaviour

Question 4

Crimes Against Humanity

Answer 4

an act of violence (e.g. torture genocide) that is committed as part of a full-scale or systematic attack on a civil population, the punishment of which has international implications

Question 5

Trade Embargoes

Answer 5

(trade embargo) a ban on the trade of all goods or certain goods to a particular nation or nations

Question 6

Diplomacy

Answer 6

the peaceful negotiation between or amoung nations

Question 7

Arbitration

Answer 7

a form of dispute resilution in which a neutral third party hears a despite betern two parties and then makes a decision, which noth parties have agreed to follow

Question 8

Mediation

Answer 8

a dispute resolution process whereby a neutral third party, called “mediator,” facilitates the settlement of an argument between teo or more parties

Question 9

air embargo

Answer 9

air embargo– the cancellation of all international flights into ot out of a country

Question 10

Arms embargo

Answer 10

Arm embargo – a particular type of sanction that prohibits the supply of arms or other military equipment to designated countries

Question 11

Globalization

Answer 11

an integrated system of product marketing, finance, and management, including free trade and the increased interdependence of national economies around the world.
an increase in worldwide social interconnectedness

Question 12

Ad Hoc Tribunal

Answer 12

Courts are set up to deal with individual circumstances on an as-needed basis (e.g., the Nuremberg Tribunal at the end of World War 2)

Question 13

Sovereignty

Answer 13

the supreme authority of a nation-state to impose its power on its subjects within its defined boundaries, including the drafting and enforcement of laws

Question 14

Genocide

Answer 14

the planned killing of any group identifiable by colour, religion, nationality, or ethnic soldiers during war

Question 15

Extradition

Answer 15

the formal process whereby a State requests from the requested State the return of a person accused or convicted of a crime to stand trial or serve a sentence in the requesting State

Question 16

Sanctions

Answer 16

a disciplinary action imposed by a court (e.g., imprisonment, a fine, a conditional sentence), restriction, limitation, suspension, or termination of normal privilege,
may be used in labour or international disputes and by the legal system

Question 17

EEZ

Answer 17

Exclusive economic zone

An exclusive economic zone, as prescribed by the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, is an area of the sea in which a sovereign state has special rights regarding the exploration and use of marine resources, including energy production from water and wind.

no more than 200 nautical miles from the territorial sea baseline and is adjacent to the 12 nautical mile territorial sea.

Question 18

Is international law really law?

Answer 18

Yes
International law can therefore be called “real law,” but with different characteristics from the law practiced in domestic settings, where there is a legislature, judiciary, executive, and police force

Question 19

NGOs

Answer 19

A non-governmental organization or non-governmental organization is an organization that generally is formed independent from the government

Question 20

How has the United Nations developed and what is its role today?

Answer 20

Towards the end of WWII, nations tried to form a new group and avoid the mistakes of the LoN.
In 1945, 50 countries drew up the Charter of the United Nations.
Major players were the Allied victors (US, UK, USSR, China). They intended to lead the UN.
Three main goals
1. Maintain international peace and security.
2. Develop friendly relations among nations.
3. Facilitate problem-solving for social, economic, cultural and humanitarian issues

Question 21

Who are the five main members of Veto Power / Security Council
& how does it work

Answer 21

The five members– China, The United States, Russia, France, United Kingdom
Roles are to maintain international peace and security
Council is made up of 5 permanent members, and 10 nations elected to serve for two-year terms
How it works
Need 9 votes out of 15
2. Doesn’t work if any permanent member votes No.

Question 22

Is the UN peacekeeping a success or failure? Use examples to help back up your arguments

Answer 22

S:
Cambodia
El Salvador
Guatemala
Mozambique
Namibia
Tajikistan.

F:
Rwanda and Bosnia
failed to train peacekeepers to negotiate with perpetrators of violence against civilians

Question 23

How do NGOs improve international human rights protection?

Answer 23

1. Fight individual human rights violations either directly or by supporting particular ‘test cases’ through relevant courts.
2. offering direct assistance to those whose rights have been violated.
3. lobbying for changes to national, regional or international law.

Question 24

What is the difference between the ICC and the ICJ?

Answer 24

The International Court of Justice (ICJ or World Court) is a civil tribunal that hears disputes between countries. The ICC is a criminal tribunal that will prosecute individuals.

Question 25

How does the current conflict between Russia and Ukraine involve international law?

Answer 25

Hostilities between Russian armed forces and Ukrainian armed forces constitute an international armed conflict governed by international humanitarian treaty law (primarily the four Geneva Conventions of 1949 and its first additional protocol of 1977 (Protocol I), and the Hague Conventions of 1907 regulating the means and methods of warfare), as well as the rules of customary international humanitarian law.

Question 26

What are the two peaceful methods of resolving peace

Answer 26

1. Non-judicial
2. Judicial Approaches

Question 27

How to resolve peace with Non-Judicial

Answer 27

1. Negotiation
2. Mediation
3. International Conciliation

Question 28

How to resolve peace with Judicial Approaches

Answer 28

1. Arbitration
2. Adjudication

Question 29

How is the Universal Declaration of Human Rights used in International law?

Answer 29

Using the Universal Declaration of Human Rights as a guide, governments are responsible for creating national laws to protect universal human rights.

Question 30

ICESCR

Answer 30

ICESCR
International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights

addresses a wide range of economic, social and cultural issues, including labour rights, health care rights, education rights, rights to an adequate standard of living, and rights to engage in cultural practices.

Question 31

ICCPR

Answer 31

International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights

recognizes the inherent dignity of each individual and undertakes to promote conditions within states to allow the enjoyment of civil and political rights

Question 32

Charles Ng (Reference Re Ng Extradition)

Answer 32

An American had committed a crime in Canada, but also had previous charges back in America for murdering 12 people in California

California had the death penalty and America was in charge of the case
But Canada had asked not to use the death penalty under Article 6 of the Extradition treaty between the two countries

Americans say no, bring him over here, and Canada said okay and he went to America

it was found that Canada had failed to “protect a life” cause it seems that Ng had gotten the gas chamber
he is on death row

Question 33

United States v. Burns,

Answer 33

Both were 18 when committing the crime
the murder had taken place in Washington DC in America, but the two boys were from British Columba in Canada
the ministry of justice for Canada had ordered that the boys will get the death penalty
it was taken to the court of appeal that that boy should not get the death penalty because violated their mobility rights
they were five factors that made the judge say no to using the death penalty

Question 34

Omar Khadr case

Answer 34

Taken to Afghanistan when he was 15 years old becasue of his father wanting to be apart of a tarotist group and him having to follow
during a battle Mr. Khadr had killed an American Solider and was shot twice in the back

he was taken as prioner and was toutatre until he was sent to Guantanamo– a jail in cuba were he was severely touutre for years
as he is now it he had applied for his passport, and their was a law suit about how much should be communasied for Canada’s lack of help and him being under age at the time because he was the youngest prisoner at Guantanamo
he was rewarded 10 million dollars in the end, and there was some

conservatory about the weather or not Canada should be the response for this, and Justin Trudeau had states that even though it not to Canada’s benefit; its what’s right and it was Stephen Happer’s fault

Question 35

The Prosecutor v. Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo

Answer 35

The Prosecutor v. Jean-Pierre Bemba Gombo
Has a general and was been charge for his actions of his suponets
- In October 2010, the ICC reduced the charges to two counts of crimes against humanity and three counts of war crimes. On 21 March 2016, he was convicted on these charges. On 21 June 2016, he was imprisoned on an 18-year sentence at the International Criminal Court (ICC) for war crimes and sexual violence.
was aquitted due him not being direcly elvoled in the crimes

Question 36

Philippines v. China

Answer 36

the Philippines has exclusive sovereign rights over the West Philippine Sea (in the South China Sea) and China’s “nine-dash line” is invalid, according to the Permanent Court of Arbitration
Chin tries to use the 9-dash line
Voided the fishing Philippines, mining, and destroying merain life
The 9-nine had no recognition
UN terminal look at the case, and China did not show
Came to the conclusion that the 9-dash line did not exist
This shows that
China trying to take over the places
They usually ignore international laws
China could make up laws
Can create a military problem

Question 37

Treaty of Versailles,

Answer 37

The terms of the treaty required Germany to pay financial reparations, disarm, lose territory, and give up all of its overseas colonies.

one of the most controversial armistice treaties in history. The treaty’s so-called “war guilt” clause forced Germany and other Central Powers to take all the blame for World War I. This meant a loss of territories, a reduction in military forces, and reparation payments to Allied powers.

Question 38

Charter of the United Nations,

Answer 38

The UN Charter is the constitutive instrument of the United Nations, signed on 26 June 1945. It sets out the rights and obligations of Member States and establishes the principal organs and procedures of the United Nations.

Question 39

Convention Relating to the Status of Refugees

Answer 39

The core principle is non-refoulement, which asserts that a refugee should not be returned to a country where they face serious threats to their life or freedom. This is now considered a rule of customary international law. UNHCR serves as the ‘guardian’ of the 1951 Convention and its 1967 Protocol.

Question 40

Geneva Conventions,

Answer 40

The Geneva Conventions and their Additional Protocols form the core of international humanitarian law, which regulates the conduct of armed conflict and seeks to limit its effects. They protect people not taking part in hostilities and those who are no longer doing so.

1. They protect those who provide medical care to wounded soldiers and sailor
2. deal with the sick, wounded, and shipwrecked members of armed forces at sea.
3. dealt with the treatment of prisoners of war during times of conflict
4. Civilians are to be protected from murder, torture or brutality, and from discrimination on the basis of race, nationality, religion or political opinion.

Question 41

Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court,

Answer 41

the Rome Statute sets out the crimes falling within the jurisdiction of the ICC, the rules of procedure and the mechanisms for States to cooperate with the ICC. The countries which have accepted these rules are known as States Parties.

The Rome Statute outlines the ICC’s structure and areas of jurisdiction. The ICC can prosecute individuals (but not states or organizations) for four kinds of crimes: genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes, and the crime of aggression.

Question 42

UN Convention of the Rights of the Child (CRC)

Answer 42

The UNCRC is a human rights treaty created by the United Nations that provides a full list of rights for all children up to the age of 18. Almost every country in the world has signed the Convention. Signing the Convention means these countries promise to protect and promote these rights.