Unit 3-Integumentary System

Question 1

Functions of the skin

Answer 1

Protection
Regulation of Body Temperature
Sensation
Excretion
Vitamin D Synthesis
Water Barrier
Immune Defense
Storage

Question 2

Epidermis (5 Layers) in order out to in

Answer 2

Stratum Corneum -> Stratum Lucidum (Only in Thick Skin) -> Stratum Granulosum -> Stratum Spinosum -> Stratum Basale (Germinativum)

Question 3

Stratum Corneum

Answer 3

Location: Outermost layer
Function: Protection, prevents water loss, made of dead keratinized cells

Question 4

Stratum Lucidum (Only in thick skin)

Answer 4

Location: Palms, soles of feet
Function: Extra protection, clear layer of dead cells

Question 5

Stratum Granulosum

Answer 5

Location: Middle layer of epidermis
Function: Produces keratin and waterproofing lipids

Question 6

Stratum Spinosum

Answer 6

Location: Beneath the stratum granulosum
Function: Provides strength and flexibility, cells begin keratinization

Question 7

Stratum Basale (Germinativum)

Answer 7

Location: Deepest layer of epidermis
Function: Cell division, produces keratinocytes, contains melanocytes

Question 8

4 Cell Types of the Epidermis

Answer 8

Keratinocytes
Melanocytes
Dendritic Cells (Langerhans Cells)
Tactile Epithelial Cells (Merkel Cells)

Question 9

Keratinocytes

Answer 9

Function: Produce keratin, provide strength and waterproofing

Question 10

Melanocytes

Answer 10

Function: Produce melanin, protect against UV radiation

Question 11

Dendritic Cells (Langerhans Cells)

Answer 11

Function: Immune response, fight off pathogens

Question 12

Tactile Epithelial Cells (Merkel Cells)

Answer 12

Function: Sensory receptors for touch

Question 13

Dermis (2 Layers)

Answer 13

Papillary Layer
Reticular Layer

Question 14

Papillary Layer

Answer 14

Location: Upper dermis
Function: Provides nutrients to epidermis, contains capillaries and Meissner’s corpuscles

Question 15

Reticular Layer

Answer 15

Location: Deeper dermis
Function: Strength, elasticity, houses glands and hair follicles

Question 16

Hypodermis (Subcutaneous Layer)

Answer 16

Location: Beneath dermis
Function: Fat storage, insulation, cushioning

Question 17

Nervous Structures of the Skin

Answer 17

Tactile Corpuscles (Meissner’s Corpuscles)
Tactile Epithelial Cells (Merkel Cells)
Root Hair Plexus
Lamellar Corpuscles (Pacinian Corpuscles)

Question 18

Tactile Corpuscles (Meissner’s Corpuscles)

Answer 18

Location: Papillary dermis
Function: Detect light touch and vibration

Question 19

Tactile Epithelial Cells (Merkel Cells)

Answer 19

Location: Stratum basale
Function: Sense steady pressure and texture

Question 20

Root Hair Plexus
Location: Surrounds hair follicle
Function: Detects hair movement

Answer 20

Location: Surrounds hair follicle
Function: Detects hair movement

Question 21

Lamellar Corpuscles (Pacinian Corpuscles)

Answer 21

Location: Deep dermis and hypodermis
Function: Detects deep pressure and vibration

Question 22

2 Accessory Structures

Answer 22

Sweat Glands
Sebaceous Glands\

Question 23

4 Parts of Sweat Glands

Answer 23

Eccrine Glands: Regulate body temp, release watery sweat
Apocrine Glands: Found in armpits/groin, release thicker sweat during stress
Ceruminous Glands: Produce earwax
Mammary Glands: Produce milk

Question 24

Sebaceous Glands

Answer 24

Function: Secrete sebum (oil) for skin and hair lubrication

Question 25

2 Modes of Secretion

Answer 25

Holocrine: Entire cell disintegrates to release product (sebaceous glands) Merocrine: Release via exocytosis (eccrine sweat glands)

Question 26

Free Edge

Answer 26

Part of the nail that extends beyond the finger

Question 27

Body

Answer 27

Visible, attached part of the nail

Question 28

Lunule

Answer 28

White, crescent-shaped area at base of nail

Question 29

Eponychium (Cuticle)

Answer 29

Skin fold at nail’s base

Question 30

Lateral Nail Fold

Answer 30

A Skin overlapping the side of the nail

Question 31

Hyponychium

Answer 31

Skin under the free edge

Question 32

Nail Bed

Answer 32

Skin under the nail plate

Question 33

Proximal Nail Fold

Answer 33

Skin at the base of the nail

Question 34

Root of Nail

Answer 34

Embedded under the skin

Question 35

Nail Matrix

Answer 35

Area of nail growth

Question 36

Hair Root

Answer 36

Part of hair below the skin surface

Question 37

Hair Follicle

Answer 37

Tube-like structure that holds the hair root

Question 38

Hair Shaft

Answer 38

Visible part of the hair above skin

Question 39

Cuticle

Answer 39

Outermost protective hair layer

Question 40

Cortex

Answer 40

Middle layer providing strength and pigment

Question 41

Hair Matrix

Answer 41

Produces hair growth via cell division

Question 42

Hair Medulla

Answer 42

Inner core of the hair shaft

Question 43

Hair Papilla

Answer 43

Contains capillaries that nourish hair

Question 44

Melanocyte

Answer 44

Produces hair pigment

Question 45

Arrector Pili Muscle

Answer 45

Causes hair to stand up (“goosebumps”)