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Business Studies Y10 > Unit 3 - Human Resources > Flashcards

Unit 3 - Human Resources Flashcards

1
Q

What are Human Resources?

A

Human Resources are people who do the work for a business

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2
Q

What’s a Human Resources purpose and plan ?

A

A plan detailing the workers and bussines needs- how many workers, weather or not they will work full time or part time, skills they should have. When they should work

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3
Q

Why might your Human Resources plan change?

A

Workers leave/ retire / are promoted

The bussines either grows or shrinks

The bussines may introduce new technology

The bussines may relocate

The budget of a bussines may change

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4
Q

What is an organisational structure?

A

An organisational structure is how people and departments organise a business.

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5
Q

What’s an organisational chart?

A

Organisational charts are diagrams that show the internal structure of a business

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6
Q

Benefits of organisational structures…

A

-See who is responsible for which tasks , functions and people

-see who each person is accountable to

-view lines of communication

-view links between departments

-identify a promotion route

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7
Q

Types of structures of a business…

A

Flat- many layers
Tall- few layers

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8
Q

Types of spans of control within structures…

A

Wide span of control= control many people
Narrow span of control= control few people

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9
Q

What is a tall structure ?

A

An organisational structure that has many levels of heirarchy

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10
Q

What is a flat structure ?

A

An organisational structure with few levels of heirarchy

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11
Q

What is delayering?

A

The process of removing levels of heirarchy

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12
Q

Advantages of tall structures…

A

-more promotion opportunities as there’s more layers
-narrower span of control, manager has more time to spend with subordinates

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13
Q

Advantages of flat structures…

A

-communication will be quicker

-messages will be more accurate so less mistakes are made

-workers at the bottom will share ideas with those at the top because they know and trust them

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14
Q

Why do large businesses have tall structures?

A

So there are clear lines of communication and control

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15
Q

Why are flat structures suitable for smaller businesses or creative ones?

A

They encourage communication between people at different levels

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16
Q

What are the different ways of working ?

A

-Zero hour contracts
-full time and part time work
-working from home
-flexitime
-working while mobile
-temporary working

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17
Q

What’s a zero hour contract ?

A

A zero hour contract is when an employee has no set or garanteed hours of work

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18
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of zero hour contacts for the employee..

A

For employee …

Advantage -zero hour contracts are flexible and particularly appealing to those who may need to turn down work at times. Eg- students

Disadvantage - employees will not have regular Jon security or regular level of income which causes stress

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19
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of zero hour contracts for the business …

A

For the business ..

Advantage - gives the business flexibility to meet increases in demand

Disadvantage- employees can turn down shifts which may lead to lack of staff for customer demand

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20
Q

Advantages / disadvantages of working at home for the employee…

A

Advantages - employee will enjoy freedom and trust. Will save time and money travelling

Disadvantages- the employee may be less productive without supervision from their manager. Miss the social side of working with others

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21
Q

Advantages / disadvantages of working from home for the bussines …

A

Advantages - workers can work longer as they aren’t travelling. Workers work better as they’re less distracted

Disadvantages- workers will not be able to exchange ideas. Costly for bussines to buy technology for workers to use at home

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22
Q

What is flexitime?

A

Where workers can work their weekly hours in as few or many days as they wish.

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23
Q

Advantages of flexitime…

A

-Employees can work around their lifestyle and commitments , eg : family . This may lead to higher staff retention.

  • less absenteeism as staff won’t need to call in sick
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24
Q

Disadvantages of flexitime….

A
  • Customers may not like inconsistency in employees pattern of working
  • communication may not be as good
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25
Q

What is flexible working?

A

Flexible working relates to working arrangements where there are a variety of options offered to employees in terms of working time, working location and the pattern of working.

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26
Q

Advantages of flexible working for the worker….
Disadvantages of flexible working for the worker…

A

Advantages- suits people with family commitments. Workers save time and money travelling to work.
Disadvantages-some workers may miss the social side of working with other people

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27
Q

Advantages of flexible working for the bussines…
Disadvantages of flexible working for the busssines….

A

Advantages- bussines saves costs by needing less office space.
Disadvantages- workers may need more supervision to ensure their working well.

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28
Q

Advantages of flexible working for the bussines…
Disadvantages of flexible working for the busssines….

A

Advantages- bussines saves costs by needing less office space.
Disadvantages- workers may need more supervision to ensure their working well.

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29
Q

What is working while mobile?

A

Employers working when they are travelling, on the move or on holiday.

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30
Q

Why do businesses like people working while mobile?

A
  • it has increased productivity of their workers.
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31
Q

Why do employees enjoy working while mobile?

A

It gives them flexibility over when and where they work.

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32
Q

What is temporary working?

A

Where workers only work for a short period of time.
Contract is normally for fixed term

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33
Q

Drawbacks of temporary working for workers and for bussines ?

A

Workers may find their finances are insecure
Shortage of workers when labour is needed

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34
Q

Advantages of self employment?

A
  • creative freedom

-independence

-variety

-salary

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35
Q

Disadvantages of self employment?

A

-long hours and extra hours of work
-financial risk
-extra responsibilities
- no sick pay

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36
Q

How many people in the UK are self employed?

A

4.25 million

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37
Q

Why do businesses like using self employed workers?

A

Because they can use them when they need them, this saves costs and increases profit margins. Don’t have to pay sick pay.
Don’t have to pay pension.

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38
Q

What is written communication?

A

Process of sharing info using written symbols or text

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39
Q

What is verbal communication?

A

sharing information between individuals using speech

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40
Q

Advantages of written communication?

A

-there is a record of the message
-the receiver can read the message to make sure they understand it
-The message can be sent to more than one person at a time
-written message can avoid confusion

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41
Q

Disadvantages of Written communication?

A

-not possible to check immediately that that the receiver understood the message
-emails may get lost in spam
-the success depends how clearly it’s been written
-some people may become overwhelmed the number of emails they receive.

42
Q

Advantages of verbal communication….

A

-The person can check the message has been understood.
-speaker can use diagrams and pictures to represent something

43
Q

Disadvantages of verbal communication..

A

-There is no permanent record of the message
-costly if workers need to travel together.
-

44
Q

Examples of written communication….

A

-letters
-texts
-emails
-social media websites

45
Q

What’s likely to happen to the volume of written communication as the size of the business increases?

A

It’s likely to increase

46
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of emails and texts…

A

Advantages - low cost, instantly received
Disadvantages - can be overwhelming, can be destruptive

47
Q

What might businesses use letters for?

A

-invite an employee to disciplinary hearing
-confirm a job offer
-inform a customer they’ve missed a payment

48
Q

Why is social media used by businesses?

A

-large number of users
-useful to receive feedback from customers
-ability to share text, photos and videos

49
Q

What can a website be used for?

A

-Sell products
-communicate with customers
-gather feedback

50
Q

Advantages / disadvantages of websites …

A

Advantages -
new products and discounts communicated to customers.
Online chat facility to support customers
Feedback opportunity for customers

Disadvantages-
Costly to maintain website and update content
A team is paid to reply to customers
Customers may leave negative product reviews

51
Q

Disadvantage of excessive communication within a business?

A

-staff feel demotivated
-staff feel overwhelmed
-staff may miss messages

52
Q

Why is it important for businesses to communicate effectively ?

A

-so that messages are received
-tasks are completed on time
-maintain staff motivation
-make sure staff have the info they need to complete their tasks

53
Q

What’s digital communication?

A

Digital communication is the electronic exchange of information using ICT

54
Q

What can be used to send digital messages?

A

-email
-social media
-websites
-whatsapp

55
Q

What is digital technology ?

A

Digital technology is when a business uses computer based tools,systems , devices to store or process data.

56
Q

What is digital communication ?

A

electronic exchange of data

57
Q

Advantages and disadvantages of digital communication?

A

Advantages ….
-messages can be transmitted quickly
-stored electronically, saving cost of storage
-high quality advertising and marketing

Disadvantage…
-may be unreliable . No garantee messages will be read
-communication overload leading delays and failures
-

58
Q

How does digital communication affect marketing?

A

-Businesses can sell online which means they don’t have to run shops.

-competition has increased as it’s cheaper for businesses to sell online and easier for customers to shop around

59
Q

How does digital communication affect human reasources?

A

-recruitment and other websites have made it easier for businesses to recruit workers

-digital communication has increased productivity of workers

60
Q

Why do bussines recruit?

A

-To start a bussines workers are needed.

-when a bussines grows it may need more workers to produce the goods

replace employees who leave

-to fill a skills gap

61
Q

What is a skills gap?

A

When a business recruits skilled workers because it it short of them

62
Q

What is analysing human reasource needs?

A

When an organisation decides how many and what type of workers it should employ

63
Q

What is a job description?

A

A job description is a list of personal duties, tasks and responsibilities of a worker

64
Q

What is a person specification?

A

A list of qualities, qualifications and knowledge that a person should have to do a job.

65
Q

Internal methods of recruitment…
Advantages of internal recruitment…

A

-notice boards,word of mouth,emails

-cheaper to advertise internally

-quicker to recruit than external recruitment

-no problems settling in as worker knows the bussines

66
Q

External methods of recruitment..
Advantages of external recruitment…

A
  • Websites, newspapers,social media

-fill a skills gap when there’s no one who can do the job

-people from the outside can bring ideas

-saves having to recruit someone to replace a worker promoted internally

67
Q

How does digital communication affect operations?

A

Communicate with suppliers easier

68
Q

Benefits of internal recruitment?

A

-Good for morale when someone in the organisation is promoted

-organisation knows the employee and the employee knows how things are done in the organisation

-it’s cheaper because expensive advertising methods aren’t needed

69
Q

Benefits of external recruitment …

A

-Usually means there’s a larger pool of candidates to choose from

-brings new ideas to the business

70
Q

Disadvantages of internal recruitment?

A

-Existing staff may not have new ideas to help the business improve

-other workers may become jealous

71
Q

Disadvantages of external recruitment …

A

-advertising may be costly

-riskier as manager doesn’t know candidates as well.

-takes longer

72
Q

Where a job vacancy is advertised will be determined by…

A

Type of job

Budget available

73
Q

What’s the chain of command?

A

Communication from the top to the bottom

74
Q

What’s the labour turnover ?

A

The amount of workers that leave annually

75
Q

What does recruitment involve ?

A

Identifying a vacancy that exists

76
Q

What does selection involve ?

A

Finding out more about candidates

77
Q

Methods of selection used before meeting a candidate face-face

A

Cv
Application form
Letter of application

78
Q

What does the cv summarise ?

A

Candidates
Skills
Work experience and qualifications

79
Q

An interview is…

A

A face to face discussion where the interviewee is asked identical questions to the others

80
Q

What’s motivation?
What does it lead to in bussiness?

A

Motivation is essentially the commitment to something

Sucess

81
Q

Importance to a bussines of having a motivated staff force…

A

-staff will produce more in the same amount of time

-increased productivity

-high levels of staff retention which lowers training and recruitment costs

  • increased quality of work
82
Q

Benefits of high retention?

A

-lower recruitment and selection costs

-retained staff are familiar with the bussines

83
Q

What do group activities help employers identify and establish?

A

-How good applicants are at working with a team

-which applicants come up with good solutions

84
Q

What are references ?

A

Statements from your previous employer

85
Q

What are references ?

A

Statements from your previous employer

86
Q

What can a presentation show?

A

How well a candidate can communicate and what ideas they have

87
Q

Why are references useful for a firm recruiting a new employee?

A

They will find out about them and verified what they said in the recruitment process

88
Q

Disadvantage of references?

A

Some firms may give a false good refrence to make someone leave

89
Q

A recruitment agency….

A

Acts like a middleman and carries out recruitment and selection process for a business

90
Q

Advantages of a recruitment agency?

A

-saves bussines time

-they’re specialists so using one may help find a better candidate for the job

91
Q

What’s an employment agency?

A

Keeps lists of people willing to do certain jobs

92
Q

How are employment agencies different from recruitment agencies ?

A

-work is often temporary for short periods of time

-firm pays wage of worker and eompltment agency also gets payment

93
Q

What is productivity ?
What’s it a way of measuring ?

A

Amount of work that gets done per worker.
Way of measuring output per worker.

94
Q

Difference between salary and wage..

A

Salary is a fixed amount paid by the employer on a regular basis
Wage is paid by the hiurb

95
Q

Two main methods of motivation that businesses use ….

A

-Financial methods of motivation
-non financial

96
Q

4 financial methods of motivation….

A

Pay
Fringe benefits
Profit sharing
Bonus

97
Q

What are fringe benefits ?
Examples…

A

Extra benefit given in addition to an employees pay
Free health care, company car

98
Q

What’s profit sharing ?

A

Employees receive a proportion of business profits

99
Q

What’s a bonus …

A

Extra payments given to staff above their usual pay

100
Q

3 non financial methods of motivation… examples of each

A

-award schemes
Employee of the month, badge , certificate
-praise
Verbal feedback, improving self esteem

-working environment
Safe light and comfortable environment are more likely to motivate workers

Business Studies Y10 (11 decks)

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