Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

Advanced Higher Chemistry > Unit 3 Glossary > Flashcards

Unit 3 Glossary Flashcards

You may prefer our related Brainscape-certified flashcards:
Chemistry 101 flashcards AP® Chemistry flashcards Periodic Table flashcards Organic Chemistry 101 flashcards
1
Q

What is an addition reaction

A

Joining two or more molecules together to form a larger molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

What is a aliphatic hydrocarbon

A

A hydrocarbon compounds containing carbon and hydrogen atoms join together in straight jeans branch changed or nonaromatic rings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What is an alkyl group

A

A group with the general formula CNH2N+1 obtained by removing a hydrogen atom from an alkane

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What is alkylation

A

Introduction of an alkyl group into an organic molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What is an anti-bonding orbital

A

A molecular orbital outside the region between two nuclei

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What is an aromatic compound

A

A compound that contains a benzene ring

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

What is an asymmetric carbon atom

A

A carbon atom in a molecule that has attached four different atoms and or functional groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What is a chiral centre

A

A carbon atom attached are for non-identical atoms or groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What is a condensation reaction

A

The joining of molecules with the release of water as a product

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Define conjugated

A

Molecules with double or triple bonds that are separated by one single bond there is a delocalisation of electron in the pi orbitals between the carbon atoms linked by the single bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What is a covenant bond

A

The sharing of one or more pairs of electrons between two atoms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is a dehydration reaction

A

A reaction in which water is eliminated from a molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Define delocalised

A

Molecules or ions that have p orbitals extending over three or more atoms have the localised pi electrons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What is a displayed formula

A

The relative positioning of atoms and the number of bonds between them

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What is an electron shell

A

The main energy levels of an atom of the electrons are located

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Define electronegativity

A

A measure of the tendency of an atom and a molecule to attract a pair of shared electrons towards itself

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is an electro file

A

A molecule that can act as an electron pair exceptor with an organic molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Define an electrophilic addition reaction

A

In addition reaction initiated by the rate determining attack of a electro file on the pie electron of the carbon carbon double bond

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What is an electrophilic substitution reaction

A

Substitution reaction in which the new group introduced into the molecule is an electro file

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

Define Enantiomers

A

A pair of molecules that are non-superimposable mirror images

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Define free radical

A

A species with an unpaired electron represented in mechanisms by a single dot

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What is a haloalkanes

A

Homologous series of organic compounds in which one or more of the hydrogen atoms of an alkane I’ve been substituted or replaced by halogen atom

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is halogenation

A

Any reaction in which a halogen atom is introduced into a molecule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What is heterolytic fission

A

The process of breaking a covalent bond within a molecule leading to the formation of ions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

What is high resolution NMR

A

NMR Preformed in the presence of a strong and stable magnetic field so that the spin to spin coupling can be observed

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

Define homo lytic fission

A

The process of breaking a covalent bond within a molecule leading to the formation of free radicals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
27
Q

Define hybridisation

A

The mixing of two or more atomic orbitals to form the equivalent number of a hybrid molecular orbitals overlap in form covalent bonds

28
Q

Define hydration

A

The addition of water molecule

29
Q

Define hydrogenation

A

The addition of a hydrogen

30
Q

What is a hydrolysis reaction

A

The breakdown of a molecule of water

31
Q

What is the inductive effect

A

Effect of a functional group or atom in an organic molecule which attracts sigma electrons towards itself or repels them resulting in the formation of a dipole in the molecule

32
Q

What is infrared spectroscopy

A

A type of absorption spectroscopy carried out in the infrared region of the electromagnetic spectrum generally detecting the bone stretching and bending

33
Q

Define initiation

A

The first elementary step in three radical reactions involves homeostatic cleavage of a bond typically by ultraviolet radiation or high temperatures to generate free radicals

34
Q

What is the Kekulé structure

A

 A localised description of the structure of benzene in which there is six member drawings with alternative double and single bonds

35
Q

What is low resolution NMR

A

NMR performed in a non-homogeneous magnetic field where spin to spin coupling cannot be absorbed

36
Q

What is Markovikov’s rule

A

When adding a hydrogen halide to an asymmetric alkene the major product is formed from hydrogen adding to the carbon with more hydrogen and halide adding to the carbon with fewer hydrogens

37
Q

What is a mass spectrometer

A

An instrument in which gassiest atoms or molecules are fragmented and ionised and then accelerated into a magnetic field where the ions are separated according to the mass charge ratio

38
Q

Define a mechanism

A

A description in terms of bond breaking bond making an intermediate formation of the series of elementary steps by which an overall chemical reaction occurs

39
Q

What is a molecular ion

A

A uni positive ion formed by an unfragmented molecule losing one electron following electron bombardment

40
Q

What is the molecular orbital Theory

A

Theory of chemical bonding based upon the postulate existence of molecular orbitals

41
Q

Define molecular orbitals

A

There are formed in molecules when atomic orbitals Combine and merge as atoms bond together sigma and pi bonds or molecular orbitals

42
Q

Define multiplicity

A

The spelling of one nucleus affects that of a chemical a different nucleus on an adjacent atom don’t let of chocolates in NMR spectrum

43
Q

What is a neutralisation reaction

A

I neutralisation reaction is when an acid and a base react to form water

44
Q

What is NMR

A

Absorption of radio waves are precise frequencies binucleate with an old nuclear number one in an external magnetic field

45
Q

What is nucleophilic substitution

A

Substitution of an atom or group of atoms with nuclear files as a Tatian species occurs via SN1 or SN2 mechanisms

46
Q

Define optical Isomersim

A

Occurs when a molecule has no plane of symmetry and can exist in the left and right handed forms that are non-superimposable mirror images of each other the molecule possesses a chiral centre optical isomers rotate plane polarised light

47
Q

What is an oxidising agent

A

An oxidising agent as an electron acceptor

48
Q

What is a pi bond

A

A bond formed by the sideways overlap of 2P orbitals

49
Q

What is a polar covalent bond

A

A bond formed when electrons are shared unequally between two atoms due to difference in electronegativity one atom has a partial positive charge and the other has an equal but opposite partial negative charge

50
Q

What is a polarimeter

A

A device used to study optically active substances

51
Q

What is a racemic mixture

A

And eat equimolar mixture of two enantiomers of the same compound as the rotation of plane polarised light is equal but opposite the mixture is not optically active

52
Q

What is the rate determining step

A

Its lowest elementary step and reaction mechanism which controls the overall reaction rate

53
Q

What is a reaction pathway

A

A sequence of reactions involving the conversion of organic compounds

54
Q

Define reflux

A

The process of boiling a liquid in a flask connected to a condenser so that the condensed liquid runs back into the flask

55
Q

Define saturated

A

Used to describe an organic molecule for example an alkane that contains no carbon to carbon double bonds only contains single bonds

56
Q

What is a sigma bond

A

Formed by the head on over that between atomic orbitals

57
Q

What is a skeletal formula

A

A simplified organic formula with a hydrogen atoms are removed from the alcohol chains this leaves just a carbon skeleton and associated functional groups

58
Q

What is an SN1 mechanism

A

A nucleophilic substitution in which a Cabocation intermediate is formed in the rate determining step which then reacts with the nuclear file

59
Q

What is an SN2 mechanism

A

A nucleophilic substitution worth con certified reaction occurs in which the nuclear file begins to bond with the carbon bearing the halogen as a halogen begins to leave the molecule

60
Q

Define stereoisomerism

A

Went to double bonded carbon atoms each have two different atoms or groups attached them

61
Q

What is steric hindrance

A

Prevention or slowing down overreaction by atoms are functional groups blocking the access of an attacking molecule or an ion

62
Q

What is a substitution reaction

A

Atoms are added to a molecule by replacing atoms already present

63
Q

What is ultraviolet spectroscopy

A

The absorption of an ultraviolet light by a molecule causing the promotion of electron from the ground state to excited electronic state

64
Q

What is unsaturated

A

Used to describe a molecules such as alkane containing one or more carbon to carbon double bond

65
Q



A

Advanced Higher Chemistry (4 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions