Unit 1 Glossary Flashcards
Definition of absorption spectrum
A spectrum consisting of dark absorption lines superimposed on a bright continuous spectrum it shows the absorption of radiation by a material over a range of wavelengths
Definition of Aufbau principal
This states that the orbitals are filled in order of increasing energy
Define bidentate
A ligand that contains two atoms with lone pairs of electrons capable of bonding to a metal atom or ion
Define a complex
The complex consists of a central metal atom or ion surrounded by Ligands
Define a coordinate bond
A covalent bond in which one of the atom supplies both of the electrons to the shared pair
Define a coordinate compound
Compounds in which a central metal atom or ion is attached to a group of surrounding molecules or ions by dative covalent bonds
Define coordination number
The coordination number is the number of nearest neighbours by which an atom or ion is surrounded in a structure
Define a dative covalent bond
Is a type of covalent bond both the shared electrons originally came from the same atom
Define degenerate
I said of atomic orbitals that are equal to each other in energy
Define the electromagnetic spectrum
Is the range of frequencies or wavelength of electromagnetic radiation
Define electronegativity
Electronegativity is a measure of the attraction of an atom involved in a bond has for the electrons of the bond
Define emission spectroscopy
The study of emission spectra produced by excited substances
Define excitation energy
The minimum energy required to change the system from its ground state to a particular excited state
Define frequency
This is the number of wavelengths that pass a fixed point in one unit of time
Define ground state
This is the lowest possible electronic configuration the electrons in the atom can adopt
What is Hinesburg’s uncertainty principle
This states that it is impossible to state precisely the position of the momentum of an electron at the same instant
Define haxadentate
A legend that buttons to a metal iron using electron pairs on six donor atoms
What is Hund’s rule
When degenerate orbitals are available electrons fill each single keeping their spins parallel before pairing starts
Define ionisation
The addition of removal of an electron to create an ion
Define ionisation energy
The energy involved in removing one mole of electrons from one mole of atoms in the gaseous state
Define a ligand 
Molecules or ions that bond to the central metal atom or ion in a complex
What is a lone pair
Alone or non-bonding pair of electrons as a pair of outer core valence shell electrons which are not used to form a covalent bond within the molecule
Define mono dentate
I like and that bonds to a metal atom or ion using the electron pair of a single donor atom
Define oxidation
This is the loss of electrons from a substance it can also be described as an increase in oxidation number
Define oxidation number
The formal change assigned to each atom in a compound according to a certain rule
Define the Pauli exclusion principle
This states that an orbital holds a maximum of two electrons
Define Quanta
The smallest possible discreet unit of any physical property such as energy or matter
Define reduction
The gain of electrons by a substance it can also be described as a decrease in oxidation number
What is the spectrochemical series
A list of lagoons in order of size of the crystal fields fitting cost in the D orbitals
Define wavelength
The distance between adjacent crests or tufts of a wave
Define wave number
Wave number is the reciprocal of wavelength and has the unit of cm-1
