Unit 2 Glossary Flashcards
What is a buffer solution
A solution in which the pH remains approximately constant when small amount of acid or base or added
What is a closed system
A close system has no exchange of matter energy with its surroundings
What is a conjugate acid
For every base there is a conjugate acid formed by the gain of a proton H+
What is a conjugate base
For every acid there is a conjugate based formed by the loss of a proton H+
Define diprotic
An acid which is able to produce two hydrogen ions from each molecule
What is a dynamic equilibrium
I do not like Aqualibrium is achieved when the rate of two opposing processes become equal so that there is no net change results
What is an endpoint
The endpoint of a titration is the point at which the reaction is shown to be complete this is the frequency signalled by the change in colour of an indicator
Define entropy
The entropy of a system is the degree of disorder in the system the greater this order the greater the entropy Low entropy is associated with strongly ordered substances
What is an equivalence point
The equivalence point in a titration experiment is reached when the reaction between a titrant and a titrate is complete
What is the first law of thermodynamics
It states that the total energy of the universe is constant energy can neither be created nor destroyed
Define Gibbs standard free energy
The standard Gibbs free energy change for a reaction is related to the standard enthalpy and entropy changes
Define Hess’s law
States that the overall reaction and to be in the sum of a reaction in selfies of each step of a reaction
What is mean bond enthalpy
An average value that is quoted for a bond that can occur in different molecular environments
Define mono Protic
An acid which is able to produce one hydrogen iron from each molecule
What is the order of a reaction
The power to which the concentration of a particular reactant is raised in the rate equation
What is the overall order of a reaction
The sun of the powers to which the concentration of all reactants are raised in the rate equation
What is a quantitative reaction
Ali’s one where the reactants react completely according to ratios in the balanced stoochiometric equation
What is the rate constant
K is the rate constant and has a constant value for a given reaction at a particular temperature
What is the rate determining step
The slowest step in the reaction which governs the overall rate
What is the rate equation
An equation that displays how the reaction rate depends on concentration of each reactant
What is a reaction mechanism
The series of simple steps by which a chemical reaction occurs
What is the second law of thermodynamics
The total entopry of surroundings always increases for a spontaneous change
What is standard entholpy change
The entholpy change for a reaction in which reactants and products are considered to be in their standard states at a specified temperature
What is standards entholpy of combustion
The entholpy change that occurs when one mole of a substance is produced from its elements in their standard states
What is a standard solution
A solution with an accurately known concentration. It can be prepared by weighing a primary standard and dissolving it in a known volume of solution or by titrating against another standard solution
What is standard state
The most stable state of a substance out element under standard conditions
What is the third law of thermodynamics
The entropy of a perfect crystal at zero Calvin zero
