Unit 3: Globalisation Flashcards
Define Sovereignty:
Supreme power or authority
Define Interdependence:
Mutual dependence between things
Internal sovereignty:
Supreme authority within one’s territory
Transnational Actors:
Regular cross-border interactions in which non-state actors play a significant role. This opens a wide research area in the context of globalisation where a great variety of actors participate in growing global exchanges.
Hyper globalists:
Approach which sees globalisation as a new epoch in human history. This new epoch is brought about largely through the economic logic of a global market.
Define Hollow State:
State which is generally considered to have the appearance of a properly functioning democratic action or state
Define Americanisation:
The idea that the American culture dominates the world
Realists views on globalisation:
Nature of the international system is stronger when there is one or two leading states such as in the Cold War when there was a system of bipolarity when two superpowers, America and USSR, were able to create stability.
Deny that globalisation has altered the core feature of world politics that sovereign states are the primary determinants of what goes on within their borders and remain the principle actors on the world stage.
Inevitability of war - war is needed in order to create balance and ensure that there is a system of competition.
Liberals views on globalisation:
View an international system focuses around the idea of cooperation the most productive way in order to keep peace and ensure that there is greater achieved.
Acknowledges that globalisation has brought about qualities changes in the roel and significance of the state, and in the nature of sovereignty, and as a result simply reduced or increased its power.
View the threat of war as an issue therefore if states are allies the threat of war becomes reduced.
What theory is the Billiard Board:
Realist theory
What is the billiard board:
Suggested that states, like Billiard Balls, are impermeable and self contained units, which influence each other through external pressure. Sovereign states interacting within the state system are thus seen to behave like a collection of billiard balls moving over the table and colliding with each other.
Failed states occur when there is:
No government
Where a government exists but is powerless to function
Where a government has become so ramshackle that other organisations within the nation state are seen as more powerful
Examples of failed states:
Chad
Democratic Republic of Congo
Afghanistan
Syria
Criteria of Failed States:
Uneven economic development
Legitimacy of the states
Massive movement in refugees
Mounting demographic pressures
Progressive deterioration of public services
What is the Cobweb model:
Tasks such as promoting economic growth, tackling global warming etc are impossible for any state to accomplish on its own, however powerful it may be. This has created what has been termed a condition of ‘complex interdependence’ in which states are drawn into cooperation and integration by forces such as closer trading and other economic relationships.
Differences between political and economic globalisation
…
Political Globalisation is:
Refers to an increasing trend toward multilateralism and toward the emergence of national and international nongovernmental organisations
Economic Globalisation is:
Refers to the increasing economic integration + interdependence of national, regional and local economies across the world though cross border movement of goods, services + technologies
Cultural Globalisation is:
Refers to the transmission of ideas, meanings + values around the world in such a way as to extend + intensify social relations
External Sovereignty:
Concerns the relationship between a sovereign power and other states
Realism:
Sceptical and believe that people are self-interested, often selfish, and seek to dominate others
Emphasise the role of the nation-state + makes a broad assumption that all nation-states are motivated by national interests, or, at best, national interests disguised as moral concerns
Liberalism:
Political Philosophy or worldview founded on ideas of liberty and equality
Egoism:
The normative ethical position that moral agents ought to do what is in their own self-interest
Anarchism:
Belief in the abolition of all government and the organisation of society on a voluntary, cooperative basis without recourse to force or compulsion
Marxism:
The political, economic, and social theories of Karl Marx including the belief that the struggle between social classes is a major force in history and that there should eventually be a society in which there are no classes
Globalisation:
Process by which the world is becoming increasingly interconnected as a result of massively increased trade + cultural exchange
Hyper globalisers:
A new epoch in human history - Globalisation is unavoidable + believe Globalisation has transformed the economy fundamentally
Globalisation Sceptics:
Views current international processes as more by fragmented and regionalised than globalised
NGOs:
Non-governmental organisation is any non-profit, voluntary citizens’ group which is organised on a local, national or international level
Cosmopolitanism:
Ideology that all human beings belong to a single community, based on a shared morality
Zones of Peace:
A discrete geographical region of the world in which a group of states have maintained peaceful relations among themselves for a period of at least thirty years
Homogenisation:
Aspect of cultural globalisation, listed as one of its main characteristics, and refers to the reduction in cultural diversity through the popularisation and diffusion of a wide array of cultural symbols - not only physical objects but customs, ideas + values
