unit 3: global resource consumption and security

Question 1

global poverty reduction between 1990 and 2015

Answer 1

extreme poverty in 1990=50% but by 2015=14%

Question 2

classification of poverty

Answer 2

earn less than $4

Question 3

rising num of middle class

Answer 3

• 2009, there were 2.8B mainly in europe, asia and north america

Question 4

why is the increasing middle-class sector an important economic feature? (4)

Answer 4

• helps to increase sales of consumer goods
• cars/motorbikes increased by over 800% between 2009 and 2015
• the middle class is educated so they are involved in the political process and for growth
• predicted to double from 2015-2030; up to 5B

Question 5

Do all middle class have economic security?

Answer 5

no, many ppl remain vulnerable to unemployment/ underemployment, especially those working in informal sectors

Question 6

ecological footprint (gha)

Answer 6

hypothetical area of land required by a society, group or individual to fulfil all their resources needs and assimilate all their waste

Question 7

what does the ecological footprint act as?

Answer 7

• monitoring environmental impact

- allow direct comparisons between countries; indicate sustainable/unsustainable life style

Question 8

ecological footprint in LIC(3)

Answer 8

• smaller ecological footprint because of their smaller rates of resource consumption
• have less to spend on consumption and the informal economy is responsible for recycling many resources
• as LIC develop, its ecological footprint increases

Question 9

ecological footprint in HIC (2)

Answer 9

• people have more disposable income, leading to greater demand/consumption of energy resources
• use of resource is often wasteful and produce far more waste/pollution

Question 10

how is water distributed around the world?

Answer 10

unevenly; over 780M do not have access to safe water

Question 11

why does the demand for clean water increase?

Answer 11

• population growth

- rising standards of living

Question 12

absolute poverty

Answer 12

the lack of money for basic needs

Question 13

relative poverty

Answer 13

has inadequate financial resources but falls below the standards of living in a particular society

Question 14

income poverty=

Answer 14

family income is below national poverty line

Higher in HIC as cost of living is higher.

Question 15

purchasing power parity (PPP)

Answer 15

the rates of currency conversion that try to equalise the purchasing power of different currencies

Question 16

reason for poverty reduction

Answer 16

• growing int trade; more workers, more efficient economy
• MDGs, SDGs
• food production
• empowerment of women—> decrease in fertility rate; a smaller family

Question 17

middle class

Answer 17

characterised by ppl who have approximately 33% of their income left after they have paid for essentials

Question 18

left over income

Answer 18

discretionary and can be used to buy consumer goods/investment

Question 19

Traditional middle class

Answer 19

socio Economic group between working and ruling class

Question 20

resource/natural capital

Answer 20

anything that the earth provides

Question 21

non-renewable

Answer 21

natural resources that humans are using at a rate that exceeds their replacement

Question 22

renewable

Answer 22

using at ta rate that allows for their replacement

Question 23

6 key components of ecological footprint

Answer 23

• built up land
• fishing ground
• forest
• grazing land
• crop land
• carbon footprint

Question 24

weakness of ecological footprint measure (2)

Answer 24

• hard to contextualize

- can be misleading; depends on productivity of certain land

Question 25

strength of ecological footprint measure

Answer 25

easily compared; can calculate average easily

Question 26

biocapacity

Answer 26

the biological capacity of an area/region/country to generate the resources and absorb the waste of a given population

Question 27

Carrying capacity

Answer 27

max population size an environment can sustain

Question 28

water security

Answer 28

Continuing access to safe drinking water and sanitation

Question 29

Physical water security (2)

Answer 29

• when natural water resources in an area cannot meet the needs of the ppl living there
• occurs particularly in scarcely populated area eg.north west china, Central Asia, parts of Australia

Question 30

Economic water security (2)

Answer 30

• areas when poor management of water resources in an area eg. under investment in water storage and distribution systems, causes the demand for water to exceed the amount available
• often occurs in LIC where gov fund lacks eg. Laos, Vietnam

Question 31

Causes of water scarcity (6)

Answer 31

• rise in global MIC
• change in diet; increase meat consumption
• urbanization
• industrialization
• climate change
• greater use of hydroelectric power

Question 32

Embedded water

Answer 32

The way in which water is transferred from one country to another