Unit 3: Gases Flashcards
what apparatus is used to measure the atmospheric pressure and who was it made by?
a barometer
made by Torricelli, an Italian
what apparatus is used to measure the pressure of a trapped gas?
a manometer
what is Robert Boyle’s pattern for chemistry investigations and to find the truth?
- do experiment
- create data chart
- make a graph
- find the equation
is pressure directly or inversely proportional to volume?
inversely proportional
what does the graph for volume against pressure look like?
it is curved downwards
what does the graph for 1/volume against pressure look like?
it is a straight line
what did Robert Boyle investigate?
the relationship between volume and pressure of a gas
what is Boyle’s Law?
P1⋅V1 = P2⋅V2
read how a Cartesian Diver works
what did Jacque Charles investigate?
the relationship between temperature and volume of a gas
what is absolute zero?
the coldest temperature in the universe and it is the point at which the avg KE is zero
what is the value for absolute zero?
-273°C or 0K
why don’t we use the °C system instead of K?
the °C system leads us to believe that things can ‘get colder’ which is not true as cold does not exist, it is simply a lack of heat
what is Charles’ Law?
T1/V1 = T2/V2
how does a hot air balloon work?
- heat increases the volume of the gas
- this lowers the density of the gas
- less dense things float so the balloon rises
describe the graph of a volume against temperature graph for °C and K
the graphs are both straight lines but the K graph starts at (0,0) while the °C graph starts higher up the y-axis
what are the 5 variables involved with gases?
- pressure
- temperature
- volume
- amount
- type
what did Gay-Lussac investigate?
the relationship between pressure and temperature of a gas
what is Gay-Lussac’s law?
P1/T1 = P2/T2
what does the pressure against temperature graph look like?
it is a straight line starting from the origin
what did Amadeus Avogadro investigate?
the relationship between the volume and amount of a gas
what was Avogadro’s hypothesis?
at a constant temperature and pressure, equal volumes of gas have the same number of particles, regardless of type
what is Avogadro’s law?
V1/n1 = V2/n2
or
V1/V2 = n1/n2
describe how the volume against number of particles graph looks
is a straight line going through the origin
what is a mole?
a counting unit just like dozens that’s symbolized by ‘n’ and is used to simplify a very large number
1mol = 6.02×10²³ which is symbolized by ‘N’
mole means ___ or ____ in Latin
mole means heap or pile in Latin
why is the mole important?
the mole acts as a bridge between the macro perspective/real and the micro perspective/theoretical
draw out the mole as a bridge
state the combined gas law
P1⋅V1/T1⋅n1 = P2⋅V2/T2⋅n2
all 4 laws can be combined into a single combined gas las because…
they are all simultaneously true
what is the standard pressure for an ideal gas?
1.00 atm
what is the standard temperature for an ideal gas?
0°C or 273.15K
what is the standard amount for an ideal gas?
1.00 mol
what is the standard/molar volume for an ideal gas?
22.4L
what is the ideal gas law?
PV= nRT
