Unit 3: Gases

Question 1

what apparatus is used to measure the atmospheric pressure and who was it made by?

Answer 1

a barometer
made by Torricelli, an Italian

Question 2

what apparatus is used to measure the pressure of a trapped gas?

Answer 2

a manometer

Question 3

what is Robert Boyle’s pattern for chemistry investigations and to find the truth?

Answer 3

1. do experiment
2. create data chart
3. make a graph
4. find the equation

Question 4

is pressure directly or inversely proportional to volume?

Answer 4

inversely proportional

Question 5

what does the graph for volume against pressure look like?

Answer 5

it is curved downwards

Question 6

what does the graph for 1/volume against pressure look like?

Answer 6

it is a straight line

Question 7

what did Robert Boyle investigate?

Answer 7

the relationship between volume and pressure of a gas

Question 8

what is Boyle’s Law?

Answer 8

P1⋅V1 = P2⋅V2

Question 9

read how a Cartesian Diver works

Question 10

what did Jacque Charles investigate?

Answer 10

the relationship between temperature and volume of a gas

Question 11

what is absolute zero?

Answer 11

the coldest temperature in the universe and it is the point at which the avg KE is zero

Question 12

what is the value for absolute zero?

Answer 12

-273°C or 0K

Question 13

why don’t we use the °C system instead of K?

Answer 13

the °C system leads us to believe that things can ‘get colder’ which is not true as cold does not exist, it is simply a lack of heat

Question 14

what is Charles’ Law?

Answer 14

T1/V1 = T2/V2

Question 15

how does a hot air balloon work?

Answer 15

1. heat increases the volume of the gas
2. this lowers the density of the gas
3. less dense things float so the balloon rises

Question 16

describe the graph of a volume against temperature graph for °C and K

Answer 16

the graphs are both straight lines but the K graph starts at (0,0) while the °C graph starts higher up the y-axis

Question 17

what are the 5 variables involved with gases?

Answer 17

1. pressure
2. temperature
3. volume
4. amount
5. type

Question 18

what did Gay-Lussac investigate?

Answer 18

the relationship between pressure and temperature of a gas

Question 19

what is Gay-Lussac’s law?

Answer 19

P1/T1 = P2/T2

Question 20

what does the pressure against temperature graph look like?

Answer 20

it is a straight line starting from the origin

Question 21

what did Amadeus Avogadro investigate?

Answer 21

the relationship between the volume and amount of a gas

Question 22

what was Avogadro’s hypothesis?

Answer 22

at a constant temperature and pressure, equal volumes of gas have the same number of particles, regardless of type

Question 23

what is Avogadro’s law?

Answer 23

V1/n1 = V2/n2
or
V1/V2 = n1/n2

Question 24

describe how the volume against number of particles graph looks

Answer 24

is a straight line going through the origin

Question 25

what is a mole?

Answer 25

a counting unit just like dozens that’s symbolized by ‘n’ and is used to simplify a very large number
1mol = 6.02×10²³ which is symbolized by ‘N’

Question 26

mole means ___ or ____ in Latin

Answer 26

mole means heap or pile in Latin

Question 27

why is the mole important?

Answer 27

the mole acts as a bridge between the macro perspective/real and the micro perspective/theoretical

Question 28

draw out the mole as a bridge

Question 29

state the combined gas law

Answer 29

P1⋅V1/T1⋅n1 = P2⋅V2/T2⋅n2

Question 30

all 4 laws can be combined into a single combined gas las because…

Answer 30

they are all simultaneously true

Question 31

what is the standard pressure for an ideal gas?

Answer 31

1.00 atm

Question 32

what is the standard temperature for an ideal gas?

Answer 32

0°C or 273.15K

Question 33

what is the standard amount for an ideal gas?

Answer 33

1.00 mol

Question 34

what is the standard/molar volume for an ideal gas?

Answer 34

22.4L

Question 35

what is the ideal gas law?

Answer 35

PV= nRT